A Giant Acceptor with a Novel Oxygenated Linker Modulates Molecular Crystallization Kinetics for High‐Efficiency Non‐Halogenated‐Processed Organic Solar Cells
Abstract
Abstract The use of low‐boiling‐point halogenated solvents is common in lab‐scale organic solar cell (OSC) fabrication to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), but their high volatility hinders large‐scale fabrication. High‐boiling‐point, non‐halogenated solvents are adopted as alternatives, but they often result in significant efficiency losses due to inferior morphology. In this work, toluene is adopted, enabling scalable production without any post‐treatment. Two giant guest acceptors, featuring distinct oxygenated side chains, are introduced to modulate pre‐aggregation in solution and crystallization kinetics within the PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend. The incorporation of giant acceptors effectively inhibits rapid acceptor aggregation and promotes smaller phase separation. Moreover, G‐1O with a shorter oxygenated side chain yields more homogeneous phase separation, whereas G‐3O with a longer side chain leads to uneven separation. Therefore, the G‐1O‐based ternary device achieves an outstanding PCE of 20.02%. Notably, a high PCE of 16.97% is also obtained in a large‐area module (15.6 cm 2 , without dead zone). These findings highlight the critical role of oxygenated side‐chain engineering in guest molecules for tuning crystallization kinetics under toluene processing.
Article Details
Authors (18)
Lin Xie
Pengfei Ding
Xueliang Yu
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Xiaoqi Yu
Daobin Yang
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Haotian Hu
Tongqiang Liu
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Qirui Zhang
Jinsheng Zhang
Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural Sciences 80333 Munich Germany
Ze Jing
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Zhenxin Shao
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Jintao Zhu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Zhenyu Chen
Xuke Li
Juanfang Xu
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Jingfeng Ge
Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
Quan Liu
Ziyi Ge