A Novel Flow Cytometry Array for High Throughput Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies 2257921

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that broke out at end of 2019 caused a global damage to both lives and economy. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved one antiviral treatment and authorized others for emergency use, there is no fully effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Assays detecting virus-specific immuno-globulins (Ig) or nucleic acids in large-scale epidemiological, vaccine, and drug development studies remain limited due to high costs, reagent accessibility, and cumbersome protocols. Methods A multiplex bead-based assay was developed to simultaneously detect human IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in serum using flow cytometry. Assay performance was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and cross-reactivity and compared to another immuno-assay platform. Results The assay enabled simultaneous measurement of three antibody isotypes across 624 samples within 2 h. Intra-plate coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 3.16 to 6.71%, and inter-plate CVs ranged from 3.33 to 5.49%, demonstrating high re-producibility. The platform also quantified background noise from nonspecific binding, facilitating straightforward data interpretation. Conclusion This novel, flexible multiplex bead-based assay utilizing a well-established platform provides a rapid and reproducible approach for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Its high throughput capacity and low variability make it well suited for large-scale epidemiological, vaccine, and therapeutic studies. The platform’s adaptability further supports application to other infectious diseases, offering an ideal tool for broad immunological surveillance. Funding Source n/a Topic Categories Technological Innovations in Immunology (TECH)