Alkoxy Side Chain Engineering in Metal‐Free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

Z Zhongping Li (Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea) Z Zhaoying Wang (Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences) S Songlin Zhao (School of Energy & Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea) J Jeong‐Min Seo (Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension‐Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea) C Changqing Li (School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks) Y Yucheng Jin (Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering) S Siliu Lyu (Hubei Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Train and Electronics School of Automotive Engineering Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002 China) J Jian Li F Feng Tang (State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China) W Won‐Yeong Kim (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea) Z Zonghoon Lee S Sang‐Yong Lee (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea) J Jong‐Beom Baek (Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering Center For Dimension‐Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan South Korea)

Abstract

AbstractMetal‐free covalent organic frameworks (COFs) gain significant attention as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a key process in energy conversion technologies like fuel cells and metal–air batteries. While substantial efforts are devoted to unravelling the mechanisms, by which heteroatom‐containing building blocks in linkers, vertices, and linkages, enhance catalytic activity and selectivity, the potential of side‐chain engineering to modulate pore wall surfaces and optimize the catalytic environment remains largely underexplored. This study investigates the role of alkoxy side chains in modulating the properties of COFs to enhance ORR performance. The synthesized COFs have adjustable pore surfaces, integrating triazine rings and alkoxy groups to enhance channel hydrophilicity by modulating interactions with water molecules. Moreover, the alkoxy side chains act as electron donors through p–π conjugation, creating active and tuneable electronic sites, further enhancing hydrophilicity and facilitating efficient catalytic cycles. Notably, COFs with longer alkoxy side chains exhibit superior ORR activity, with a half‐wave potential of 0.77 V, surpassing previously reported metal‐free COFs. Theoretical calculations suggest that this enhancement is because of the stronger binding affinity of water molecules and *OOH intermediates to the carbon atoms adjacent to the alkoxy side chains.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 37, Issue 38
Published September 01, 2025
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

Z

Zhongping Li

Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea

Z

Zhaoying Wang

Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences

S

Songlin Zhao

School of Energy & Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea

J

Jeong‐Min Seo

Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension‐Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea

C

Changqing Li

School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks

Y

Yucheng Jin

Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering

S

Siliu Lyu

Hubei Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Train and Electronics School of Automotive Engineering Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002 China

J

Jian Li

F

Feng Tang

State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China

W

Won‐Yeong Kim

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea

Z

Zonghoon Lee

S

Sang‐Yong Lee

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea

J

Jong‐Beom Baek

Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering Center For Dimension‐Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan South Korea