Asymmetric Lamellar Templating of the Perovskite/C <sub>60</sub> Interface for Scalable Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scalable inverted perovskite solar cells require top interfaces that combine defect passivation with spatially uniform electron extraction as the device area increases. Low‐dimensional capping layers based on bulky spacer cations can suppress surface recombination, but poorly controlled molecular packing often introduces transport barriers and local interfacial heterogeneity. Here, we introduce indol‐3‐ylethylammonium iodide (Ind) as a π‐electron‐rich spacer cation for asymmetric lamellar templating at the perovskite/C 60 junction. The heteroatom‐polarized indole framework creates lateral electrostatic anisotropy within the aromatic plane, promoting face‐to‐face spacer association and aligning the lamellar interphase. The resulting π‐rich lamellar interphase suppresses interfacial recombination, preserves electron extraction, and improves spatial optoelectronic uniformity in large‐area devices. Ind‐based devices achieve a certified efficiency of 26.94% in small‐area cells and a certified module efficiency of 23.21% for a 25 cm 2 monolithic module. They further retain > 93% efficiency after 1000 h at 85°C and maintain 85% of their initial efficiency after 1800 h under continuous 1‐sun MPP tracking. These results identify lateral electrostatic anisotropy as a molecular design principle for scalable perovskite/C 60 top interfaces.
Article Details
Authors (17)
Taeyoon Ki
Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Jong‐Guk Ahn
Center For Quantum Conversion Research (QCR) Institute For Basic Science (IBS) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Sangcho Kim
Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Sangjin Kim
Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1 , Urbana, Illinois 61801,
Min‐Ho Lee
School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
In‐Wook Hwang
Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Jinju Jeong
Department of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH) Naju Jeollanam‐do Republic of Korea
Soobin Shim
Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University Jinju Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
Jaeboong Ahn
Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Jun Hong Park
Seungjin Lee
Jung‐Yong Lee
School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
Yousoo Kim
Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN 1 , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198,
Ju‐Hyeon Kim
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University Linköping Sweden
Hongkyu Kang
Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Sukwon Hong
Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
Kwanghee Lee
Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea