Electric‐Current‐Assisted Nucleation of Zero‐Field Hopfion Rings
Abstract
ABSTRACT Magnetic hopfions are 3D topological solitons – knotted, vortex‐like spin configurations. In chiral magnets, hopfions can appear as isolated structures or they can be linked to skyrmion strings. Previous studies employed a sophisticated protocol and a special sample geometry to nucleate such hopfions linked to one or a few skyrmion strings. Here, we introduce an electric‐current‐assisted nucleation protocol that is simple and independent of the sample shape and size. The resulting hopfions exhibit extraordinary stability in the presence of both positive and negative magnetic fields, in perfect agreement with micromagnetic simulations. We also present a comprehensive framework for classifying hopfions, skyrmions, and merons by deriving the corresponding homotopy group.
Article Details
Authors (13)
Xiaowen Chen
School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University
Dongsheng Song
Filipp N. Rybakov
Nikolai S. Kiselev
Long Li
Wen Shi
Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University
Rui Wu
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xuewen Fu
Olle Eriksson
Stefan Blügel
Rafal E. Dunin‐Borkowski
Ernst Ruska‐Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
Haifeng Du
Fengshan Zheng
Spin‐X Institute School of Physics and Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China