Electronic Modulation of Flexible Ether Oxygen‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

X Xuewen Li T Tianyu Wang L Lingfeng Wang (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) D Dachuan Shi (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China) J Junyan Zeng (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China) M Miaoyu Lu (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China) W Wenchao Wang (State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Y Yicheng Ma (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) B Bill Herve Nduwarugira (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) A Abid (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) Y Yongjia Zheng (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) S Shigeo Maruyama (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) R Rong Xiang (State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Ether oxygen‐based covalent organic frameworks (EO‐COFs) with intrinsic flexibility characteristics hold promise for applications in emerging electrochemical energy conversion technologies due to the adaptable pore microenvironments. However, achieving efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) requires not only accessible pores but also facilitated charge transfer from the electrode to catalytically active sites within the extended framework and the simultaneous optimization of these two coupled processes remains challenging. Here, we synthesized two new EO‐COFs and incorporated electron‐withdrawing triazine units to enhance charge‐transfer capability and modulate the electronic states, thereby improving their metal‐free ORR activity. Moreover, the ether‐oxygen moieties contribute to the formation of a more adaptive pore microenvironment and facilitate mass transport. Notably, the optimized THD‐TOT‐COF exhibits a high half‐wave potential of 0.77 V and a turnover frequency value of 0.0021 s −1 . Combined theoretical calculations and in‐situ spectroscopy analyses reveal that the enhanced catalytic activity originates from the facilitated formation of the *OOH and *OH intermediates on carbon atoms within the triazine ring of THD‐TOT‐COF. This work provides a rational strategy for designing metal‐free COFs electrocatalysts by coupling electronic‐state modulation with a flexible ether‐oxygen‐containing framework microenvironment.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 1, Issue 1
Published July 10, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

X

Xuewen Li

T

Tianyu Wang

L

Lingfeng Wang

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

D

Dachuan Shi

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

J

Junyan Zeng

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

M

Miaoyu Lu

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

W

Wenchao Wang

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Y

Yicheng Ma

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

B

Bill Herve Nduwarugira

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

A

Abid

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Y

Yongjia Zheng

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

S

Shigeo Maruyama

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

R

Rong Xiang

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.