Endogenous Metal Ion‐Enriched Immunostimulating Biomimetic Scaffold Improves In Situ Bone Regeneration

M Min Yu L Liyuan Chen (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China) X Xinjia Cai S Shengjie Cui (Department of General Dentistry Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology Beijing P. R. China) Z Zixin Li (College of Chemistry and Materials) C Chengye Ding (Central Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral...) H He Zhang H Hangbo Liu C Chang Li S Shiying Zhang (School of Chemical Sciences) X Xinmeng Shi (Central Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral...) T Ting Zhang Y Yunsong Liu (Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and...) D Dan Luo (Power Battery & Systems Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis) Y Yan Liu Y Yongsheng Zhou (Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and...)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Effective in situ regeneration and functional reconstruction of large‐scale bone defects remain a formidable clinical challenge. The endogenous metal ions have been shown to critically regulate immune responses and bone remodeling, but methods for precisely regulating the spatiotemporal recruitment dynamics of endogenous ions are still lacking. Here, we develop a novel endogenous metal ion‐enriched immunostimulation‐amplified bone biomimetic scaffold (emia‐BBS) based on the hierarchical multi‐level assembly of nano‐hydroxyapatites (nHAs), collagen fibrils, and mussel adhesion proteins (MAPs). The emia‐BBS not only mimics the nanostructure and mechanical properties of native bone, but notably, the assembled MAPs endow emia‐BBS with abundant lysine and dopamine chemical structures, enabling efficient capture of endogenous metal ions to amplify ion‐mediated immunomodulation. Functionally, in large‐scale mandibular defects, emia‐BBS‐induced enrichment of endogenous metal ions could recruit and reprogram macrophages, thereby enhancing the innate immune response. These M2 macrophages, recruited by the emia‐BBS‐metal ion complex, in turn, facilitate the recruitment and osteogenic activation of endogenous LepR⁺ skeletal stem cells via the CCL5/CCR5/STAT3 axis. This study introduces an immunomodulatory strategy that harnesses endogenous ion dynamics to amplify regenerative signals, providing a precisely guided and clinically applicable approach for critical‐sized bone defect repair.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 11
Published February 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (16)

M

Min Yu

L

Liyuan Chen

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China

X

Xinjia Cai

S

Shengjie Cui

Department of General Dentistry Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology Beijing P. R. China

Z

Zixin Li

College of Chemistry and Materials

C

Chengye Ding

Central Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral...

H

He Zhang

H

Hangbo Liu

C

Chang Li

S

Shiying Zhang

School of Chemical Sciences

X

Xinmeng Shi

Central Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral...

T

Ting Zhang

Y

Yunsong Liu

Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and...

D

Dan Luo

Power Battery & Systems Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis

Y

Yan Liu

Y

Yongsheng Zhou

Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital for Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and...