Fiber Transistors as a Hardware Surrogate Gradient for Backpropagation in Spiking Neural Networks

W Weichu Chen (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China) H Hao Jiang C Chengyang Du (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing School of Communication & Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China) Y Yueheng Zhong (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China) X Xiangyu Wang X Xiang Li Z Zhu Chen (Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital) Q Qicheng Liang (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China) F Fengqiang Sun (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China) Y Yuwen Zhu (University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine) J Jian‐Gang Chen (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing School of Communication & Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China) L Liang‐Wen Feng (Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China) H Hongzhi Wang M Meifang Zhu H Hengda Sun (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China) G Gang Wang

Abstract

Abstract Efficient training of spiking neural networks (SNNs) in flexible neuromorphic hardware remains a major challenge due to the non‐differentiable nature of spiking activations and the limited availability of trainable, energy‐efficient device platforms. Here, a tunable textile‐based vertical organic electrochemical transistor (TT‐vOECT) enables implementation of surrogate gradients computation for backpropagation in SNNs. Using a solvent interdiffusion solidification spinning strategy, Plateau–Rayleigh instabilities are overcome to fabricate coaxial trilayer fibers with well‐defined heterojunctions between PEDOT:PSS and BBL. The resulting TT‐vOECT exhibits nonlinear transfer characteristics that closely approximate the Sigmoid derivative. A conditionally activated backpropagation (CAB) mechanism is further proposed, in which synaptic updates are gated by both surrogate gradient magnitude and input spike, is implemented using reconfigurable logic arrays based on dual TT‐vOECTs. This framework enables sparse, event‐driven weight updates with reduced computational overhead. Integrated into a convolutional SNN, the device‐driven CAB strategy achieves high‐accuracy classification of electroencephalogram signals for multiclass neurological disorder diagnosis, comparable to software baselines, while reducing computational redundancy by ≈20%. The results establish a scalable and flexible organic hardware platform for trainable neuromorphic systems with biologically inspired learning dynamics.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 6
Published January 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (16)

W

Weichu Chen

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China

H

Hao Jiang

C

Chengyang Du

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing School of Communication & Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China

Y

Yueheng Zhong

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China

X

Xiangyu Wang

X

Xiang Li

Z

Zhu Chen

Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital

Q

Qicheng Liang

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China

F

Fengqiang Sun

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China

Y

Yuwen Zhu

University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine

J

Jian‐Gang Chen

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing School of Communication & Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China

L

Liang‐Wen Feng

Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China

H

Hongzhi Wang

M

Meifang Zhu

H

Hengda Sun

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China

G

Gang Wang