Lead‐Free Trirelaxor Ferroelectrics: High Energy Storage Capacity in the Paraelectric State and Broad Operating Temperature Range
Abstract
Abstract The development of lead‐free dielectric capacitors capable of reliable operation across extreme temperatures is crucial for next‐generation energy storage technologies. While relaxor ferroelectrics below the Burns temperature ( T B ) have demonstrated promising energy storage characteristics via polar nanoregions (PNRs), their performance typically deteriorates above T B . Surprisingly, a trirelaxor—a state composed of PNRs is reported with three coexisting symmetries (tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral)—that exhibits high energy storage performance in the paraelectric state above T B . In lead‐free Bi(Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 ‐doped Ba(Zr,Ti)O 3 ‐(Ba,Ca)TiO 3 perovskite ceramics, the trirelaxor above T B achieves a remarkable energy storage density of 9.3 J cm −3 and an efficiency of 93%, which is comparable to the performance of other lead‐free dielectrics measured below T B . More importantly, the high energy storage properties of trirelaxor above T B enable the material to exhibit excellent comprehensive energy storage performance over a broad operating temperature range of −90 to 200 °C, which outperforms existing lead‐free perovskite dielectric materials. This work provides new insights into developing desirable energy‐storage dielectrics with high energy storage performance over an extended operating temperature range.
Article Details
Authors (12)
Yang Yang
Ying Li
Yiqiao Song
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
Minxia Fang
MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an 710049,
Guanqi Wang
School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology 1 , Hanzhong 723001,
Yuanchao Ji
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
Liqiang He
Haoyu Qi
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
Hanbing Zhang
Jinghui Gao
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shannxi 710049 China
Chenyu Liang
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
Xiaobing Ren