Molecular-Based Ecosystem to Improve Personalized Medicine in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

L Luca Lanino (3Yale University, New Haven, United States) A Anthony M. Hunter (Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA) N Nico Gagelmann (From the Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.) M Marie Robin (9Hôpital Saint Louis (APHP), Service d'hématologie, Paris, France) D Daniele Dall'Olio (12University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy) A Alice Flamigni (MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy) C Claudia Sala C Carmelo Gurnari (1Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH) Y Yu-Hung Wang (1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom) L Lisa Pleyer B Blanca Xicoy (3Hematology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia. Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain) G Guillermo Montalban-Bravo L Lee-Yung Shih (12School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan) A Ali Alsugair (1Mayo Clinic, Hematology, Rochester, United States) S Saubia Fathima (1Mayo Clinic, Hematology, Rochester, United States) C Caterina Gregorio C Cesare Rollo L Laura Palomo (9ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain) A Anne Sophie Platzbecker (1Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany) G Gianluca Asti R Raphaël Itzykson (6Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France) D David A. Sallman (6Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL) P Piero Fariselli W Wolfgang Kern (40MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany) G Guillermo Garcia-Manero U Uwe Platzbecker F Francesc Sole (8Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain) M Maria Diez-Campelo (11Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain) J Jaroslaw Maciejewski (1Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland, United States) R Rafael Bejar F Felicitas Thol N Nicolaus Kröger (From the Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.) M Michael Savona (7Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States) P Pierre Fenaux G Guillermo Sanz (26Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Hematology Department, Valencia, Spain) S Shahram Kordasti V Valeria Santini (7DMSC University of Florence, AOUC, MDS Unit, Hematology, Florence, Italy) M Michaela Fontenay (7Université Paris Cité and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France) A Amer M. Zeidan R Rami S. Komrokji (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States) T Torsten Haferlach (7Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany) U Ulrich Germing G Gastone Castellani S Saverio D'Amico (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) M Mrinal Patnaik (5Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States) F Francesca Ieva E Eric Solary (3Gustave Roussy, Paris, France) A Ayalew Tefferi (4Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States) E Eric Padron (Moffitt Cancer Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States) M Matteo Giovanni Della Porta T Tamanna Haque (4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States) O Omar Abdel-Wahab (Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute) K Klaus Geissler A Alex Bataller (2Division of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX) A Alexandre Bazinet (1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States) M Manja Meggendorfer (46Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany) M Mirco Quintavalla A Alessandro Bruseghini (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) E Elisabetta Sauta (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) L Luciana Carota (11Bologna Univerisity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy) T Tiziana Sanavia L Lorenzo Dall'Olio E Erica Travaglino (8Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy) L Lurdes Zamora (3Hematology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia. Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain) D David Quintela A Andres Jerez (1Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hematologic Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling Unit, Barcelona, Spain) E Elena Cornejo P Paloma Garcia Martin (11Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Hematology, Granada, Spain) M Marina Díaz-Beyá (7Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Hematopathology Section, Barcelona, Spain) A Alejandro Avendano Pita V Veronica Roldan D Dolly Viviana Fiallo Suarez (21Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain) E Estefania Cerezo Velasco M Marisa Calabuig (1Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Hematology Department, Valencia, Spain) E Esperanza Such (Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology. Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain) C Cristina Castilla-Llorente (6Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France) C Claude E. Bulabois L Laetitia Souchet H Hussein Awada (4Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States) M Massimo Bernardi P Patrizia Chiusolo (6Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy) A Antonio Curti (2IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy) L Luisa Giaccone C Carlo Finelli (10IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy) I Ilaria Casetti F Francesco Onida (22ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University Milan, Milan, Italy) L Lorenza Maria Borin (3Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Hematology, Monza, Italy) M Matilde Yung Follo A Angela Consagra (30University of Florence, MDS Unit, Hematology, AOU Careggi - Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy) F Francesco Passamonti (University of Milan, Milan) E Elisa Diral (24San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Hematology, Milan, Italy) V Vladan Vucinic (15University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Diseases, Leipzig, Germany) G Gregorio M. Bergonzi M Maria Teresa Voso H Hsin-An Hou (10National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) W Wen-Chien Chou (Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital) C Chi-Yuan Yao C Chien-Chin Lin (National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) H Hwei-Fang Tien (Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital) A Alessia Campagna (2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy) M Marta Ubezio (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) A Antonio Russo G Gabriele Todisco G Giulia Maggioni (2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy) C Cristina A. Tentori A Alessandro Buizza (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) I Ivan Ferrari M Maria Di Matteo A Alessandra Crespi (2IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy) G Giulia Figini (2IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy) C Camilla Delponte F Francesco Pesce (31Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy) M Matteo Zampini (2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy) E Elena Riva M Mattia Delleani (2Train s.r.l., Milan, Italy) E Eleonora Iascone (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) L Laura Crisafulli (2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy) F Francesca Ficara D Denise Ventura (2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy) N Nicole Pinocchio (2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy) M Matteo Brindisi (1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy) A Armando Santoro (IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan) A Ahmad Kiwan (4Yale University, New Haven, United States) J Jennifer VanOudenhove N Najla H. Al Ali T Timothy A. Graubert S Swapna Thota (University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, Tennessee, United States) E Elizabeth Griffiths (8Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States)

Abstract

PURPOSE Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare myeloid neoplasm characterized by clinical heterogeneity and is associated with poor outcomes. To date, limited molecular information has been incorporated into disease classification and risk stratification. We aimed to integrate genomic features into the clinical decision-making process for CMML. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 3013 patients with CMML (training set) and a prospective population of 516 patients (validation set). Using an innovative framework for multimodal data analysis, we developed molecular-based disease taxonomy and prognostication. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering identified nine entities with distinct genomic features and outcomes ( P < .001), including splicing machinery, transcription factors, signal transduction and tyrosine kinase pathways aberrations, and high-risk molecular signatures. Notably, 15% of patients showed molecular/clinical overlap with other myeloid neoplasms. We integrated molecular and clinical information to build the international CMML Prognostic Scoring System (iCPSS), incorporating mutations in nine genes together with hematologic parameters and cytogenetic abnormalities. The iCPSS identified five groups with distinct probability of overall and leukemia-free survival in both training and validation cohorts ( P < .001), outperforming existing prognostic models. Importantly, 55% of patients were reassigned to higher or lower risk groups by the iCPSS. Decision analysis demonstrated that iCPSS could refine the optimal timing of allogeneic transplantation at the individual level; compared with conventional prognostic tools, iCPSS-based decision modeling changed transplantation strategy in 31% of cases, resulting in a significant gain-in-life expectancy for eligible patient population ( P < .001). A federated learning platform was implemented to enable continuous, privacy-preserving model update across multiple centers. CONCLUSION Molecular information improves CMML classification and prognostication, supports more effective clinical decision making, and potentially refines the design of clinical trials.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 44, Issue 17
Published June 10, 2026
Pages 1608-1623
ISSN 0732-183X
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Journal Info

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

ISSN: 0732-183X Health Sciences

Authors (128)

L

Luca Lanino

3Yale University, New Haven, United States

A

Anthony M. Hunter

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA

N

Nico Gagelmann

From the Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

M

Marie Robin

9Hôpital Saint Louis (APHP), Service d'hématologie, Paris, France

D

Daniele Dall'Olio

12University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

A

Alice Flamigni

MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

C

Claudia Sala

C

Carmelo Gurnari

1Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH

Y

Yu-Hung Wang

1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

L

Lisa Pleyer

B

Blanca Xicoy

3Hematology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia. Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain

G

Guillermo Montalban-Bravo

L

Lee-Yung Shih

12School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

A

Ali Alsugair

1Mayo Clinic, Hematology, Rochester, United States

S

Saubia Fathima

1Mayo Clinic, Hematology, Rochester, United States

C

Caterina Gregorio

C

Cesare Rollo

L

Laura Palomo

9ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain

A

Anne Sophie Platzbecker

1Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany

G

Gianluca Asti

R

Raphaël Itzykson

6Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

D

David A. Sallman

6Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL

P

Piero Fariselli

W

Wolfgang Kern

40MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany

G

Guillermo Garcia-Manero

U

Uwe Platzbecker

F

Francesc Sole

8Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain

M

Maria Diez-Campelo

11Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

J

Jaroslaw Maciejewski

1Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland, United States

R

Rafael Bejar

F

Felicitas Thol

N

Nicolaus Kröger

From the Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

M

Michael Savona

7Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States

P

Pierre Fenaux

G

Guillermo Sanz

26Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Hematology Department, Valencia, Spain

S

Shahram Kordasti

V

Valeria Santini

7DMSC University of Florence, AOUC, MDS Unit, Hematology, Florence, Italy

M

Michaela Fontenay

7Université Paris Cité and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France

A

Amer M. Zeidan

R

Rami S. Komrokji

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States

T

Torsten Haferlach

7Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany

U

Ulrich Germing

G

Gastone Castellani

S

Saverio D'Amico

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

M

Mrinal Patnaik

5Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States

F

Francesca Ieva

E

Eric Solary

3Gustave Roussy, Paris, France

A

Ayalew Tefferi

4Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States

E

Eric Padron

Moffitt Cancer Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States

M

Matteo Giovanni Della Porta

T

Tamanna Haque

4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States

O

Omar Abdel-Wahab

Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute

K

Klaus Geissler

A

Alex Bataller

2Division of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

A

Alexandre Bazinet

1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States

M

Manja Meggendorfer

46Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany

M

Mirco Quintavalla

A

Alessandro Bruseghini

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

E

Elisabetta Sauta

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

L

Luciana Carota

11Bologna Univerisity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy

T

Tiziana Sanavia

L

Lorenzo Dall'Olio

E

Erica Travaglino

8Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

L

Lurdes Zamora

3Hematology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia. Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain

D

David Quintela

A

Andres Jerez

1Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hematologic Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling Unit, Barcelona, Spain

E

Elena Cornejo

P

Paloma Garcia Martin

11Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Hematology, Granada, Spain

M

Marina Díaz-Beyá

7Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Hematopathology Section, Barcelona, Spain

A

Alejandro Avendano Pita

V

Veronica Roldan

D

Dolly Viviana Fiallo Suarez

21Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

E

Estefania Cerezo Velasco

M

Marisa Calabuig

1Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Hematology Department, Valencia, Spain

E

Esperanza Such

Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology. Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain

C

Cristina Castilla-Llorente

6Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

C

Claude E. Bulabois

L

Laetitia Souchet

H

Hussein Awada

4Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States

M

Massimo Bernardi

P

Patrizia Chiusolo

6Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

A

Antonio Curti

2IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy

L

Luisa Giaccone

C

Carlo Finelli

10IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

I

Ilaria Casetti

F

Francesco Onida

22ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University Milan, Milan, Italy

L

Lorenza Maria Borin

3Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Hematology, Monza, Italy

M

Matilde Yung Follo

A

Angela Consagra

30University of Florence, MDS Unit, Hematology, AOU Careggi - Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy

F

Francesco Passamonti

University of Milan, Milan

E

Elisa Diral

24San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Hematology, Milan, Italy

V

Vladan Vucinic

15University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Diseases, Leipzig, Germany

G

Gregorio M. Bergonzi

M

Maria Teresa Voso

H

Hsin-An Hou

10National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

W

Wen-Chien Chou

Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital

C

Chi-Yuan Yao

C

Chien-Chin Lin

National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

H

Hwei-Fang Tien

Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital

A

Alessia Campagna

2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy

M

Marta Ubezio

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

A

Antonio Russo

G

Gabriele Todisco

G

Giulia Maggioni

2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy

C

Cristina A. Tentori

A

Alessandro Buizza

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

I

Ivan Ferrari

M

Maria Di Matteo

A

Alessandra Crespi

2IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

G

Giulia Figini

2IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

C

Camilla Delponte

F

Francesco Pesce

31Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

M

Matteo Zampini

2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy

E

Elena Riva

M

Mattia Delleani

2Train s.r.l., Milan, Italy

E

Eleonora Iascone

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

L

Laura Crisafulli

2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy

F

Francesca Ficara

D

Denise Ventura

2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy

N

Nicole Pinocchio

2Humanitas Research Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy

M

Matteo Brindisi

1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, AI Center, Rozzano, Italy

A

Armando Santoro

IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan

A

Ahmad Kiwan

4Yale University, New Haven, United States

J

Jennifer VanOudenhove

N

Najla H. Al Ali

T

Timothy A. Graubert

S

Swapna Thota

University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, Tennessee, United States

E

Elizabeth Griffiths

8Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States