Mortality trends and racial disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with metabolic syndrome in the United States and Texas: A 21-year analysis (1999-2020) using CDC WONDER database.

Abstract

525 Background: The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing globally. This study aims to examine annual trends of mortality in MetS-associated HCC in the United States and its state of Texas, from 1999 to 2020, to evaluate public health initiatives and identify socioeconomic factors. Methods: Mortality trends for adults aged ≥25 years with MetS-associated HCC were analyzed using CDC WONDER database, identifying deaths through ICD-10 codes C22.9 “Liver Malignant neoplasms” and E88.9 “Metabolic Syndrome”. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 people were extracted. Annual percent changes (APCs) in AAMRs, with 95% confidence intervals, were determined across various demographic (sex, race/ethnicity, age) and geographic (state, urban-rural, regional) subgroups. Results: Between 1999 and 2020, 271,046 documented deaths were attributed to HCC due to metabolic syndrome. The AAMR for MetS-related HCC mortality increased in the US from an adjusted rate (AR) (3.7) in 1999 to (4.5) in 2009 (APC:2.10%; 95% CI: -0.13% to 3.10%), after which it increased to (7.6) in 2018 (APC:5.83%; 95% CI:4.25% to 6.99%) and increased to 9.9 in 2020 (APC:13.19%; 95% CI:8.78% to 15.7%). In Texas, AAMR for MetS-related HCC mortality increased from AR (4.9) in 1999 to (8.9) in 2015 (APC:3.95%; 95% CI:3.11% to 4.69%) after which it increased to (15.3) in 2020 (APC:10.64%; 95% CI:8.18% to 17.33%). Men had consistently higher AAMRs than women (12.4 vs. 8). The AAMR in U.S. men increased from (5.1) in 1999 to (12.4) in 2020. The AAMR in U.S. women increased from (2.7) in 1999 to (8) in 2020. The non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian or Alaska Native population has the greatest AAMR (13.4), followed by the NH Black or African American(AA) (12.7) and the Hispanic or Latino population with AAMR (10.9). The low-risk population was NH White with AAMR (9.6) and NH Asian or Pacific Islander (6.6). The AAMR also varied by region (South:11.5; Midwest:9.9; West:9.4; Northeast:7.4) and non-metropolitan areas had higher AAMR (small metro:12.1; non-core areas:11; micropolitan areas:11.7) than metropolitan areas (large central metropolitan: 8.8; large fringe areas: 8.7). The states in the upper 90th percentile of MetS-related HCC AAMRs were Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Michigan, Nevada exhibited an approximately two-fold increase in AAMRs, compared to states falling in the lower 10th percentile Nebraska, Wisconsin, Washington, Maine. Conclusions: Mortality rates from hepatocellular carcinoma associated with metabolic syndrome have risen in the United States and Texas over the past two decades. However, significant demographic and geographic disparities in MetS-related HCC mortality continue, emphasizing the need for further investigation and the development of targeted treatment strategies.