Nanoscale Adhesive Architecture Coordinates With Matrix Stiffness to Regulate Stem Cell Aging via Focal Adhesion‐Mediated Chromatin Remodeling and FOXO1 Activation

J Jiacheng Lei R Ruihao Xue (Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China) Q Qingqing Liang G Ge Yang X Xiaokai Pan (College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University) T Tianxiang Ren (Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis) K Kaikai Zheng (College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University) Q Qiang Wei (Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research) Z Ze Gong (Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China) X Xiaojing Liu (Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Stem cell aging critically limits the efficacy of regenerative biomaterials, yet how mechanical cues within the microenvironment modulate this process remains insufficiently understood. Here, we reveal that the nanoscale spacing of adhesive ligands imposes stiffness‐dependent effects on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence. Wider spacing (distance 150 nm) accelerates aging on stiff hydrogels (50 kPa) but mitigates it on soft hydrogels (5 kPa), relative to dense spacing (distance 30 nm). Using a molecular clutch‐based theoretical model, we demonstrate that ligand spacing and matrix stiffness cooperatively regulate cell behaviors through focal adhesion assembly. Enhanced focal adhesion formation amplifies stress fiber‐generated traction forces and nuclear envelope tension, leading to increased chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activation of FOXO1, a central regulator of cellular senescence. These mechanistic insights are further validated in vivo. Collectively, these findings delineate a mechanotransduction mechanism through which nanoscale adhesive architecture and matrix stiffness cooperatively govern stem cell aging.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 1, Issue 1
Published August 04, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (10)

J

Jiacheng Lei

R

Ruihao Xue

Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China

Q

Qingqing Liang

G

Ge Yang

X

Xiaokai Pan

College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University

T

Tianxiang Ren

Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis

K

Kaikai Zheng

College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University

Q

Qiang Wei

Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research

Z

Ze Gong

Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China

X

Xiaojing Liu

Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry