Nephrotoxicity Surveillance for Childhood and Young Adult Survivors of Cancer: Recommendations From the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group

E Esmee C.M. Kooijmans (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands) R Renée L. Mulder (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands) S Stephen D. Marks (Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom) V Vesna Pavasovic (Department of Malignant Paediatric Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom) S Shveta S. Motwani (Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA) T Thomas Walwyn (Department of Oncology, Haematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA) N Nicholas G. Larkins (Discipline of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia) J Jarmila Kruseová L Louis S. Constine (Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY) W W. Hamish Wallace (The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland) D Daniel M. Green (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN) A Arend Bökenkamp (Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) H Helena J.H. van der Pal (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands) M Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink L Lars Hjorth (Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden) L Liv Andrés-Jensen (Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark) E Edit Bardi (St Anna Childrens Hospita and St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria) E Elvira C. van Dalen (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands) C Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt (Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France) K Kerri Becktell (Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI) M Marika Grönroos (Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland) K Kathleen Kieran (Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA) D Denitza Mironova (Department of Oncology, Haematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA) M Monica Terenziani (Paediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy) M Margreet A. Veening (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands) J Jakub Zieg (Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic) S Songul Onder (Department of Nephrology, University of Tennessee, School of Medicine, Memphis, TN) A Ali Mirza Onder (Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE) J Jonathan C. Routh (Department of Urology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC) J Joel Thompson (1University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, United States) M Melissa M. Hudson L Leontien C.M. Kremer (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands) R Roderick Skinner (Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom) M Matthew J. Ehrhardt

Abstract

PURPOSE Childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) survivors of cancer are at risk of nephrotoxicity. Surveillance guidelines are important for timely diagnosis and treatment of these survivors, which could slow the progression to higher stages of kidney dysfunction. METHODS The International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group established a multidisciplinary panel of 34 experts from 11 countries. The panel performed systematic literature reviews for articles published between 1990 and June 2023, graded the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, and formulated recommendations based on evidence, clinical judgment, and consideration of benefits and harms of surveillance. Recommendations were critically appraised by two independent external experts and patient representatives. RESULTS Glomerular dysfunction surveillance is recommended every 2-5 years for survivors treated with ifosfamide, cisplatin, abdominal radiotherapy, total body irradiation, or nephrectomy and is reasonable after carboplatin treatment. We recommend screening for glomerular dysfunction using an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation that includes serum creatinine, preferably combined with serum cystatin C if available. Tubular dysfunction surveillance is recommended once at entry into long-term follow-up and with follow-up as clinically indicated for survivors treated with ifosfamide and is reasonable after cisplatin treatment. CONCLUSION These recommendations inform routine, uniform long-term follow-up care for CAYA survivors of cancer at risk of nephrotoxicity.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 43, Issue 21
Published July 20, 2025
Pages 2433-2448
ISSN 0732-183X
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Journal Info

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

ISSN: 0732-183X Health Sciences

Authors (34)

E

Esmee C.M. Kooijmans

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

R

Renée L. Mulder

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

S

Stephen D. Marks

Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

V

Vesna Pavasovic

Department of Malignant Paediatric Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

S

Shveta S. Motwani

Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA

T

Thomas Walwyn

Department of Oncology, Haematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA

N

Nicholas G. Larkins

Discipline of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

J

Jarmila Kruseová

L

Louis S. Constine

Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY

W

W. Hamish Wallace

The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland

D

Daniel M. Green

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN

A

Arend Bökenkamp

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

H

Helena J.H. van der Pal

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

M

Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink

L

Lars Hjorth

Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

L

Liv Andrés-Jensen

Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

E

Edit Bardi

St Anna Childrens Hospita and St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria

E

Elvira C. van Dalen

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

C

Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt

Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

K

Kerri Becktell

Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

M

Marika Grönroos

Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

K

Kathleen Kieran

Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA

D

Denitza Mironova

Department of Oncology, Haematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA

M

Monica Terenziani

Paediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy

M

Margreet A. Veening

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

J

Jakub Zieg

Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

S

Songul Onder

Department of Nephrology, University of Tennessee, School of Medicine, Memphis, TN

A

Ali Mirza Onder

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE

J

Jonathan C. Routh

Department of Urology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

J

Joel Thompson

1University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, United States

M

Melissa M. Hudson

L

Leontien C.M. Kremer

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

R

Roderick Skinner

Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

M

Matthew J. Ehrhardt