On‐the‐Fly Synthesis of Freestanding Spin‐Crossover Architectures With Tunable Magnetic Properties

A Anh Tuan Ngo (Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain) D David Aguilà (Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and IN2UB Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain) J João Pedro Vale (Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALICE) Engineering Faculty of Porto University Porto 4200‐465 Portugal) S Semih Sevim (Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland) M Michele Mattera (Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain) J Jordi Díaz‐Marcos (Unitat de Tècniques Nanomètriques Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB) Carrer de Lluís Solé i Sabarís, 1, Les Corts Barcelona 08028 Spain) R Ramon Pons (Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC‐CSIC) Barcelona Spain) G Guillem Aromí (Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain) B Bumjin Jang (Hanyang University ERICA 55, Hangyangdaehak‐ro, Sangrok‐gu Ansan‐si Gyeonggi‐do 15588 South Korea) S Salvador Pané (Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland) T Tiago Sotto Mayor (Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALICE) Engineering Faculty of Porto University Porto 4200‐465 Portugal) M Mario Palacios‐Corella (Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona 08028 Spain) J Josep Puigmartí‐Luis (Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Universitat de Barcelona C/ Martí i Franquès, 1–11 Barcelona 08028 Spain)

Abstract

Abstract Spin‐crossover (SCO) molecular‐based switches have shown promise across a range of applications since their discovery, including sensing, information storage, actuators, and displays. Yet limited processability remains a barrier to their real‐world implementation, as traditional methods for integrating SCO materials into polymer matrices are often complex, expensive, and prone to producing uneven material distributions. Herein, we demonstrate how 3D flow‐focusing chemistry enables unprecedented control for the direct fabrication of SCO composite materials, addressing key challenges in processability, scalability, and cost. By using a 3D coaxial flow‐focusing microfluidic device, we simultaneously synthesize [Fe(Htrz) 2 (trz)](BF 4 ) and achieve its homogeneous incorporation into alginate fibers in a continuous manner. The device’s versatility allows for precise manipulation of the reaction‐diffusion (RD) zone, resulting in SCO composite fibers with tunable physicochemical and magnetic properties. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to isolate these fibers as freestanding architectures and highlight the potential for printing them with defined shapes. Finally, we show that the 3D control of the RD zone granted by continuous flow microfluidic devices offers precise spatiotemporal control over the distribution of SCO complexes within the fibers, effectively encoding SCO materials into them. SCO‐encoded fibers can seamlessly combine adaptability and functionality, offering innovative solutions for application‐specific customization.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 37, Issue 37
Published September 01, 2025
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

A

Anh Tuan Ngo

Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain

D

David Aguilà

Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and IN2UB Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain

J

João Pedro Vale

Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALICE) Engineering Faculty of Porto University Porto 4200‐465 Portugal

S

Semih Sevim

Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland

M

Michele Mattera

Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain

J

Jordi Díaz‐Marcos

Unitat de Tècniques Nanomètriques Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB) Carrer de Lluís Solé i Sabarís, 1, Les Corts Barcelona 08028 Spain

R

Ramon Pons

Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC‐CSIC) Barcelona Spain

G

Guillem Aromí

Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Spain

B

Bumjin Jang

Hanyang University ERICA 55, Hangyangdaehak‐ro, Sangrok‐gu Ansan‐si Gyeonggi‐do 15588 South Korea

S

Salvador Pané

Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland

T

Tiago Sotto Mayor

Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALICE) Engineering Faculty of Porto University Porto 4200‐465 Portugal

M

Mario Palacios‐Corella

Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona 08028 Spain

J

Josep Puigmartí‐Luis

Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Universitat de Barcelona C/ Martí i Franquès, 1–11 Barcelona 08028 Spain