Photopolymer Resins from Sulfenyl Chloride Commodity Chemicals for Plastic Optics, Photopatterning and 3D‐Printing
Abstract
AbstractThe development of a low‐cost photopolymer resin to fabricate optical glass of high refractive index for plastic optics is reported. This new free radically polymerizable photopolymer resin, termed, disulfide methacrylate resin (DSMR) is synthesized by the direct addition of allyl methacrylate to a commodity sulfur petrochemical, sulfur monochloride (S2Cl2). The rapid rates of free radical photopolymerization confer significant advantages in preparing high‐quality, bulk optical glass. The low‐cost, optical glass produced from this photopolymer possesses a desirable combination of high refractive index (n ≈ 1.57–1.59), low birefringence (Δn < 10−4), high glass transition values (Tg ≈ 100 °C), along with optical transparency rivaling, or exceeding that of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as indicated by very low optical absorption coefficients (α < 0.05 cm−1 at 1310 nm) measured for thick glass DSMR photopolymer samples (diameter (D) = 25 mm; thickness = 1–30 mm). The versatile manufacturability of DSMR photopolymers for both molding and diamond turn machining methods is demonstrated to prepare precision optics and nano‐micropatterned arrays. Finally, large‐scale 3D printing vat photopolymerization of DSMR using high‐area rapid printing digital light processing additive manufacturing is demonstrated.
Article Details
Authors (21)
Chisom Olikagu
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
Shafagh Khoshsorour
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
Satya D. Dulam
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
Hyun‐Seok Yu
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
Natasha A. Graham
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
Kyung‐Jo Kim
Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
Byeongjoon Jeong
J. C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona 1630 East University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
James L. Hedrick
Azul 3D 8111 St Louis Ave #2 Chicago IL 60076 USA
Amber Bunnag‐Stoner
Azul 3D 8111 St Louis Ave #2 Chicago IL 60076 USA
Kimberley Cheng
Azul 3D 8111 St Louis Ave #2 Chicago IL 60076 USA
Benjamin L. Batchelor
Azul 3D 8111 St Louis Ave #2 Chicago IL 60076 USA
Woongbi Cho
Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni‐ro, Seondong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
Seung Bin Park
Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University 222 Wangsimmni‐ro, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
Jeong Jae Wie
Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
Young‐Jae Kim
Y&DK Co. Ltd 169–148 Gwahak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34133 Republic of Korea
Min‐Gap Bog
Y&DK Co. Ltd 169–148 Gwahak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34133 Republic of Korea
Nithiyaa Bala Krishnan
Yi Yan Yang
Jon T. Njardarson
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
Robert A. Norwood
Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
Jeffrey Pyun
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA