Scalable Synthesis of 3D Hierarchical MoS ₂ as a Durable, High‐Charge‐Retention Friction Layer for the Facile Fabrication of High‐Power Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Abstract

ABSTRACT Given the increasing demand for sustainable energy and self‐powered devices, energy‐harvesting technologies, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), are drawing attention. To address the short charge retention in conventional polymer materials, 2D materials with high surface areas and intrinsic charge‐trapping capabilities, such as MoS 2 , are being utilized as friction layers in TENGs. However, their power generation is too low for practical applications owing to their atomically thin nature, limiting their use as fillers in polymer‐based systems. We report a 2D‐material‐based high‐power TENG using 3D hierarchical MoS 2 (3DH‐MoS 2 ) as a primary friction material. The 3DH‐MoS 2 is synthesized via low‐temperature metal–organic chemical vapor deposition, enabling the direct growth of a uniform, large‐area, 3D‐nanostructured friction layer on a polymer substrate without additional processes. This 3D nanostructure increases the amount of charge‐trapping sites and significantly enhances the durability of the device. The 4 × 4 cm 2 3DH‐MoS 2 ‐based TENG produces a maximum output voltage of 320.1 V and a power density of 0.841 mW cm −2 , proving it can effectively power light‐emitting diodes and a calculator, maintaining its performance over 10 000 cycles. In addition, the device can generate electricity from gas and water flow and human motion, highlighting the potential and versatility of 2D‐material‐based energy‐harvesting systems.