Super‐Resolution Ultrasound Based Cell Tracking With Polymeric Nanobubbles

J Junlin Chen (Westlake University , , 600 Dunyu Road , ,) X Xiaoyu Wang J Jilin Fan B Bi Wang (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) H Hanghang Fang (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) Y Yurui Wang H Hao Cui M Mohammad Roufarshbaf (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) E Ekaterina Savina (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) A Alexandra Valeske (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) Q Quim Peña (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) Y Yang Shi A Andreas Herrmann (Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany) T Twan Lammers (Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging) M Mathias Hornef (Institute of Medical Microbiology Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany) R Roman Barmin (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) T Thomas Lisson (Chair for Medical Engineering Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany) G Georg Schmitz (Chair for Medical Engineering Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany) A Anne Rix (Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany) F Fabian Kiessling (Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Tracking the fate of transplanted cells in vivo remains a major challenge for the development and monitoring of cell‐based therapies. Here, we report a nanobubble (NB) based acoustic labeling strategy that enables ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) to track transplanted cells in tumors with single‐cell‐scale sensitivity and super‐resolution spatial precision. We developed stable, biocompatible poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) NB that are efficiently internalized by cells and generate strong intracellular ultrasound signals. Furthermore, ULM allows the real‐time visualization of individual cells, their localization, and trajectory reconstruction in flow phantoms and murine breast cancers. In the latter, NB‐labeled bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells were tracked in vivo following intra‐arterial injection, whereas unlabeled cells remained undetectable. By integrating cell trajectories with microbubble‐based super‐resolution vascular maps, our approach allows identification of the blood vessels that delivered the cells. This clinically compatible imaging strategy expands the application of ULM beyond vascular mapping and provides a platform for high‐resolution, dynamic monitoring of cell‐based therapies.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 39
Published July 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (20)

J

Junlin Chen

Westlake University , , 600 Dunyu Road , ,

X

Xiaoyu Wang

J

Jilin Fan

B

Bi Wang

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

H

Hanghang Fang

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Y

Yurui Wang

H

Hao Cui

M

Mohammad Roufarshbaf

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

E

Ekaterina Savina

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

A

Alexandra Valeske

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Q

Quim Peña

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Y

Yang Shi

A

Andreas Herrmann

Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany

T

Twan Lammers

Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging

M

Mathias Hornef

Institute of Medical Microbiology Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany

R

Roman Barmin

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

T

Thomas Lisson

Chair for Medical Engineering Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

G

Georg Schmitz

Chair for Medical Engineering Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

A

Anne Rix

Institute For Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

F

Fabian Kiessling

Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital