Trends and disparities in laryngeal carcinoma–related mortality among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2023: A nationwide analysis.

Abstract

e18039 Background: Laryngeal carcinoma-related mortality trends are influenced by access to early diagnosis and treatment making it a public health concern. We seek to explore temporal and demographic patterns these trends to identify high-risk populations and guide evidence-based interventions. Methods: We extracted age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population from the CDC WONDER database for ages 45 and above. ICD-10 code C32 was used to query death certificates that had laryngeal cancer mentioned anywhere on them. Annual percentage changes (APCs) in AAMR were calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program (National Cancer Institute). Results: From 1999 to 2023, a total of 122,732 laryngeal carcinoma-related deaths occurred in the United States among individuals aged 45 and above. The AAMR declined from 1999 to 2017 (APC: -2.66) followed by a period of stability till 2023 (APC: 0.07). Males consistently had higher AAMRs than females throughout the time period (1999–2020: Male 7.39, Female 1.5; 2021–2023: Male 5.96, Female 1.25). Male AAMRs decreased from 1999 to 2018 (APC 1999–2009: -3.33; APC 2009–2018: -2.43), followed by an increase until 2021 (APC: 1.23) and a decrease until 2023 (APC: -2.60). Female AAMRs decreased till 2017 (APC: -2.68) followed by a stable trends till 2023 (APC: -0.11). Non-Hispanic (NH) Black or African American individuals had the highest overall AAMRs, followed by NH White, while other races (NH Asian, NH Hawaiian, and NH Pacific Islander) had the lowest throughout the time period. Hispanic or Latino individuals showed a decreasing trend with an average APC of -2.97. Across regions, the South had the highest AAMRs throughout the study period (1999 to 2020: 4.43, 2021 to 2023: 3.83) in contrast to the West which had the lowest AAMRs throughout (1999 to 2020: 3.06; 2021 to 2023: 2.26). Northeast showed a decrease in trends till 2019 (APC: -3.06) followed by stabilizing trends till 2023 (APC: 0.21). Midwest showed a decrease in trends till 2011 (APC: -2.48) followed by stability in trends (APC: -0.63). South trends decreased till 2013 (APC: -2.82) followed by stable trends (APC: -0.61). Similar trends were observed for the West with an initial decrease till 2016 (APC: -3.50), followed by a period of stability (APC: -1.10). From 1999 to 2020, non-metropolitan areas had the higher AAMRs (4.63) as compared to metropolitan regions (3.98). Non-metropolitan areas had decreasing trends uptil 2014 (APC: -3.03) followed by stability in trends (APC: -1.73). Metropolitan areas had an overall decreasing trends with an average APC of -1.33. Conclusions: From 1999 to 2023, laryngeal carcinoma-related mortality decreased overall. Males, NH Black or African Americans, and individuals in the South exhibited the highest AAMRs. Evidence-based interventions in these high-risk populations can help further decrease laryngeal carcinoma-related mortality.