Ultrapure Graphite from Solid Refining
Abstract
Abstract Graphite has sparked extensive quantum physical discoveries and demonstrated numerous cutting‐edge applications. However, existing graphite typically contains considerable impurities, and effective purification is still lacking. Here, a solid refining purification method is reported for obtaining ultrapure graphite. Through this design, impurities are filtered by the atomic lattice of a solid‐state nickel (Ni). Suitable absorption, diffusion, and precipitation energy barriers are utilized in this method, allowing only carbon (C) atoms to effectively migrate through the Ni lattice to form high‐quality graphite. The obtained ultrapure graphite shows the lowest elemental impurity density (<10 parts per million (ppm), which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the best available graphite), the highest structural purity (<0.2 parts per billion (ppb) of in‐plane structural defect density and >99% Bernal stacking), and the highest doping purity (carrier doping density <2.0 × 10 10 cm −2 ). Such superior purity of graphite facilitates the all‐integer visible Landau levels and the ultralow quantum transition magnetic field in the fabricated graphene device. This solid refinement technique should inspire the purification of various layered crystals, leading to the discovery of new phenomena and the development of advanced applications.
Article Details
Authors (21)
Mingchao Ding
Zhibin Zhang
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Wenya Wei
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter School of Physics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
Heng Wu
Xue Chen
Jingwei Dong
Quanlin Guo
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Mengze Zhao
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ziqi Zhou
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Li Wang
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou China
Xiaozhi Xu
Ying Fu
Wei Yang
Muhong Wu
Interdisciplinary Institute of Light‐Element Quantum Materials and Research Center For Light‐Element Advanced Materials Peking University Beijing China
Quanzhan Yang
School of Physics, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China
Feng Ding
Enge Wang
Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Pingheng Tan
State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
Guangyu Zhang
Kaihui Liu
Xuedong Bai
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences