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Antioxidant efficiency of Sarcophyton crude extract against gentamicin toxicity in male albino rats
Abstract Gentamicin is an antibiotic widely used in treating bacterial infections. However, it’s clinical interest is limited by it’s toxic side effects on vital organs. Sarcophyton soft coral is a source of natural products with a range of bioactivities. As such, the objective of this work was to assess how well Sarcophyton extract mitigated the gentamicin toxicity in rats. Four equal groups, each with five adult male albino rats, were randomly assigned: the control group, the Sarcophyton group given a Sarcophyton extract dose of 200 mg/kg/day orally for seven days, the gentamicin group receiving an intraperitoneal gentamicin dose of 100 mg/kg/day for seven days, and the combined administration group. Rats that received gentamicin injections saw a fall in body weight along with a decrease in liver function and all hematological parameters except the white blood cell count. The tissue’s total antioxidant capacity (TAC) dropped as a result of gentamicin, indicating oxidative stress. Gentamicin additionally caused histological alterations and significant increases in DNA fragmentation levels in the spleen and liver tissues. In contrast, the combined administration of gentamicin and Sarcophyton extract preserved body weight, maintained liver tissue structure and function, and improved hematological markers. Moreover, it strengthened the tissue’s TAC, restored the normal structure of the spleen tissues, and decreased the tissue’s DNA fragmentation. Sarcophyton’s chemical components, identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, have hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory qualities, which are responsible for the extract’s ameliorative effects. Finally, Sarcophyton extract is a natural medication that may help reduce the toxicity caused by gentamicin.
Synergistic transfer learning and adversarial networks for breast cancer diagnosis: benign vs. invasive classification
Predicting disease progression from the rate of bodyweight change in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient during radiotherapy
Formulation and evaluation of therapeutic antimicrobial citrus and Manuka honey creams with aloe vera, mint essential oil, and Indian costus
Abstract Honey has long been recognized for its antimicrobial properties, attributed to components such as polyphenols and biodefense proteins. Among honey types, Manuka honey, rich in methylglyoxal, and citrus honey, abundant in flavonoids and bioactive enzymes, exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. This study aims to enhance the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of Manuka and citrus honey by incorporating natural additives—aloe vera, Indian costus, and mint essential oil—into cream formulations. Two emulsion types, aerosil fumed silica-based and arabic gum-based, were prepared and optimized using sonication. The antimicrobial activity of these formulations was assessed against pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The most effective formulations demonstrated inhibition zones of up to 28 mm against B. cereus and 24 mm against S. Typhimurium. Additionally, antibiofilm activity was evaluated using a 3D biofilm model, with formulations containing citrus honey and Indian costus or Manuka honey and aloe vera achieving biofilm reductions of 44.39% and 21.33%, respectively, against P. aeruginosa and MRSA. Furthermore, the composition of the citrus honey was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the volatile and non-volatile compounds contributing to their antimicrobial properties. These findings suggest that honey-based formulations enhanced with natural additives hold significant potential for combating biofilm-associated infections.
Development of a flexible fabric-based variable shape actuator for enhanced multi-DoF haptic feedback
Integrating radiomics into predictive models for low nuclear grade DCIS using machine learning
Abstract Predicting low nuclear grade DCIS before surgery can improve treatment choices and patient care, thereby reducing unnecessary treatment. Due to the high heterogeneity of DCIS and the limitations of biopsies in fully characterizing tumors, current diagnostic methods relying on invasive biopsies face challenges. Here, we developed an ensemble machine learning model to assist in the preoperative diagnosis of low nuclear grade DCIS. We integrated preoperative clinical data, ultrasound images, mammography images, and Radiomic scores from 241 DCIS cases. The ensemble model, based on Elastic Net, Generalized Linear Models with Boosting (glmboost), and Ranger, improved the ability to predict low nuclear grade DCIS preoperatively, achieving an AUC of 0.92 on the validation set, outperforming the model using clinical data alone. The comprehensive model also demonstrated notable enhancements in integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the Radiomic ensemble model effectively stratified DCIS patients by risk based on disease-free survival. Our findings emphasize the importance of integrating Radiomic into DCIS prediction models, offering fresh perspectives for personalized treatment and clinical management of DCIS.
Metabolomic and lipoproteomic differences and similarities between COVID-19 and other types of pneumonia
Revealing the role of laser stimulated radiation rate on laser intensity noise spectrum distribution
Abstract In this paper, the influence of the laser stimulated radiation rate on the distribution of the laser intensity noise spectrum is investigated through the analysis of single-frequency lasers with output laser powers ranging from 2 to 140 W and laser stimulated radiation rates varying in order of magnitudes from $$10^{10}$$ to $$10^{11}$$ $$s^{-1}$$ . It is found that the magnitude of the stimulated radiation rate can determine the shot noise limit cut-off frequency of the laser, and the specific value of the laser stimulated radiation rate together with the pumping rate and the total photon decay rates, can determine the resonant relation oscillation frequency of the laser. Based on these findings, methods for achieving low intensity noise lasers by obtaining a smaller laser stimulated radiation rate are analyzed and discussed, and a potential approach for realizing low intensity noise high power lasers is proposed.
A highly efficient hybrid fiber optic laser using a cesium atom vapor cell as an optical gain medium
Alterations in expression of miRNA 497 and long non-coding RNAS (XIST–TSIX) and its significant role in colorectal cancer prediction
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignancy in Western nations with high incidence related to different factors as genetic, foods and pollution. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a significant role in cellular processes, oncogensis and can be used as biomarkers for cancer progression. The rationale of this study was to quantify the expression levels of miRNA 497 and LncRNAs (XIST–TSIX) as a sensitive and accurate markers for CRC diagnosis and correlated with serum FOXK1, CA19.9 and CEA compared with normal subjects. This study was carried outon100 participants, they were divided into two equal groups: Group (1): Patients were diagnosed with CRC and Group (2): Normal subjects as control. Tumor size, type, TNM staging, differentiation, levels of FOXK1and, CEA, CA19.9 were evaluated in serum. The RNA was extracted from the tissue of CRC patients for quantification expression of miRNA 497 and LncRNAs (XIST and TSIX) using qRT-PCR. Data obtained showed that, the expression levels of tissue miRNA 497, XIST, TSIX in combination with serum FOXK1, CA19.9 and CEA are good confirmatory non-invasive markers for CRC diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity tests showed higher AUC values of miRNA 497 + XIST + TSIX + FOXK1 significantly than those of CA19.9 + CAE. It was concluded that, a rigorous assessment of these parameters could facilitate the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of CRC, ultimately enhancing the protocols for early treatment decision-making.
Poor sleep quality and its determinants among stroke survivors in Northwest Ethiopia
A pictorial identification key for Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Phlebotomus sand flies
Energy storages on the ferroelectric microstructures with transformation and nano vortex pattern
Abstract The energy storage and conversion in ferroelectrics can be realized through the microstructures of polar domains and domain walls, which resulting in the transformations from macro/microdomains to nanodomains or forming complex polar topologies. The physical basic models are adopted with domains and domain walls including 90o, 180o, 71o and 109o which are classified into two categories of 180o and α-angle, and are reconstructed with equivalent circuits simplified according to the reported patterns. Although electrical energy is known to be maintained by the charging capacitor, the energy storage effect on ferroelectric microstructure has been rarely explored for the relative paucity of experimental patterns reported with domains and domain walls. The diagrammatic sketches of transformation into nanodomain and vortex pattern are designed, and their respective formulas of total capacitances and energy densities are derived with crucial structural features. The findings reveal novel mechanisms of the relationship between energy storage and microstructures, that may be used to propose effective creation strategies or to design modern measure equipment in future.
Fabrication of well-defined magnetic microporous polymeric monoliths using simple non-aqueous emulsification technique
Abstract The current work describes a novel route for preparation of robust polymeric monolithic structures exhibiting magnetic properties via emulsification of a polar glycerin oil in a polymerizable hydrophobic oil of styrene as oil/oil (o/o) emulsion technique. Hydrophilic magnetite nanoparticles were first prepared via the co-precipitation method and then converted to organophilic using oleic acid as a surface coating material. The FT-IR provided evidence on the covering of the particle’s surface and also revealed some hydrophilic OH groups co-exist, implying a probable amphiphilic character is acquired. The organophilic particles act efficiently as Pickering stabilizers for glycerin/styrene emulsion systems. Styrene, a polymerizable oil, could be subsequently polymerized at 70 °C in the presence of an oil-soluble thermal initiator such as 1,1-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile (vazo). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of well-defined, highly porous polymeric monoliths, in which the distribution of the pores within the monolith further supported that they were prepared via well-emulsified glycerin drops in the styrene phase as a precursor. Additionally, the EDX revealed the presence of the iron element distributed evenly within the monolith. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a slight resistance to thermal degradation over a narrow range up to 150 °C with respect to pure polystyrene, whereas beyond this temperature the degradation behavior proceeded almost typically as for pure polystyrene. The ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) indicated the acquisition of the magnetic property by the produced monolith structure. For the best of our knowledge, it is the first article of its type investigating the fabrication of polymeric monolithic structures from non-aqueous emulsions.
An analysis of spatial changes in the manufacturing industry in china’s three major urban clusters from 2015 to 2019 using POI data
Tissue mimicking hydrogel foam materials with mechanical and radiological properties equivalent to human lung
How positive and negative feedback following real interactions changes subsequent sender ratings
Abstract Social evaluative feedback informs us about how others perceive us, constantly updates our expectations of what to receive, and simultaneously changes our view of the sender. However, little is known about the neuronal and behavioral responses when receiving incongruent positive or negative social evaluative feedback. This study (N = 40) investigated how receiving feedback from peers after a real-life interaction modulates behavioral responses and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). Specifically, ERP modulations by feedback being incongruent with the self-view and incongruent with the feedback expectation were examined along the whole processing stream. Feedback was manipulated such that one peer provided overly positive feedback and the other overly negative feedback, with random computer feedback as a control condition. Behaviorally, participants updated their feedback expectations according to the feedback received from the ‘negative’ and ‘positive’ peers and rapidly changed ratings of the sender towards their positive or negative behavior. Concerning ERPs, separate effects of feedback incongruence based on the feedback expectation or self-view were found during the mid-latency processing stages. Subsequently, both types of incongruence increased late ERP amplitudes, which were also increased when participants substantially changed the ratings of the peer senders. This is the first study that combined neuronal and behavioral measures of evaluative feedback processing, emphasizing that incongruent feedback elicits mid-latency modulations and subsequent updating processes associated with increased late amplitudes. In addition, we find rapid behavioral changes in the ratings for the senders based on their feedback behavior.