Browse Articles

Identifying ADME-related gene signature for immune landscape and prognosis in KIRC by single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis

Development of a new solar system integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric modules with paraffin-based nanomaterials

Assessment of adequacy and determinants of HIV related knowledge among senior school students in public schools in Abakaliki Southeast Nigeria

The analysis of dance teaching system in deep residual network fusing gated recurrent unit based on artificial intelligence

Genetic associations of plasma metabolites with immune cells in hyperthyroidism revealed by Mendelian randomization and GWAS-sc-eQTLs xQTLbiolinks analysis

Airway management and functional outcomes in intubated patients with ischemic stroke

Egg consumption, sleep, and mental health status among women with type II diabetes

Higher spatial resolution is not always better: evaluating satellite-sensed sea surface temperature products for a west Pacific coral reef system

Abstract As marine heatwaves and mass coral bleaching events rise in frequency and severity, there is an increasing need for high-resolution satellite products that accurately predict reef thermal environments over large spatio-temporal scales. Deciding which global sea surface temperature (SST) dataset to use for research or management depends in part on the desired spatial resolution. Here, we evaluate two SST datasets – the lower-resolution CoralTemp v3.1 (0.05° ~ 5 km grid) and the Multiscale Ultra-high Resolution MUR v4.1 (0.01° ~ 1 km grid) – in their ability to predict in situ reef thermal environments (nightly mean and daily maximum) and the severity of past bleaching in Palau, western Pacific Ocean. We expected higher-resolution data to improve prediction accuracy, yet CoralTemp data explained 10% additional variability of in situ temperatures and 70% additional variance in past bleaching. This likely relates to differential data protocols; despite MUR using a higher spatial resolution grid, CoralTemp achieves higher raw satellite observation density in coastal areas by utilising geostationary satellites. MUR SSTs were also consistently more variable. These results reinforce calls to develop more accurate high-resolution SST products for coral reefs. Our paper demonstrates that higher spatial resolution SST data is not necessarily better at predicting in situ thermal environments of coral reefs and local marine heatwave impacts.

Multiple magma recharges over prolonged period ultimately trigger eruptions at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands

Alterations in cerebral perfusion and corresponding brain functional networks in systemic lupus erythematosus with cognitive impairment

Tryptophan metabolism-related gene CYP1B1 serves as a shared biomarker for both Parkinson’s disease and insomnia

Identification and validation of a metabolic-related gene risk model predicting the prognosis of lung, colon, and breast cancers

Improved properties of hybrid Al-CNTs via h-BNs coated with ag and ni for ball bearings

Abstract Ball bearings face numerous challenges under harsh operating conditions of elevated pressure between the balls and other contacting parts of the bearing like drop in tribological properties. To address these challenges, this paper presents the first successful experimental investigation of incorporating an innovative hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) into Aluminum-Carbon nanotube (Al-0.6 wt% CNTs) nanocomposites. This was achieved using electroless chemical deposition technique to coat the materials with silver (Ag) and nickel (Ni), improving the wettability and dispersion between the matrix and reinforcement. Various h-BN ratios (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt%) are incorporated and consolidated through high-energy ball milling and hot compaction techniques. The produced samples were tested and analyzed physically, mechanically, tribologically, and microstructurally. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were used to explore the new morphologies and structures. The study delves into density, hardness, and wear resistance. The optimal h-BN content is determined to be 8 wt%, enhancing wettability and dispersion within the Al-CNTs matrix. Thus, the properties of hardness, compressive strength, wear rate, and COF at 8 wt% of h-BN content were enhanced by 105%, 60%, 74.5%, and 78.5%, respectively, compared to pure Al. This is due to the uniform scattering of h-BN nanoparticles across the entire surface, despite a significant decrease in relative density. In conclusion, the combination of mechanical alloying, electroless deposition, and hot compaction techniques proves to be effective in producing Al-CNTs/h-BN nanocomposites coated with Ag and Ni nanoparticles.

Structural, electrical and EMI shielding property of carbon nanotube decorated magnetic/ceramic nanoparticles

One-stop endovenous laser ablation leads to superior outcomes for varicose veins and iliac vein compression

Feasibility study of PET/CT for the detection and localization of nervous system damage caused by trimethyltin chloride

Humor as a window into generative AI bias

Controllable synthesis of Pd and Pt shells on Au nanoparticles with electrodeposition

AbstractShells of Pd and Pt were synthesized on Au nanoparticles by electrodeposition, leading to controllable size and optical properties. This approach yielded core–shell structures with good homogeneity in size after the optimization of electrochemical parameters such as deposition current and charge transfer, as well as nanoparticle surface treatment. Dark field scattering microscopy and spectroscopy were used to track changes in the optical response of individual particles during deposition. The deposition of thin shells of Pd or Pt initially leads to a damping of the Au localized surface plasmon resonance which is followed by its redshift and an increase in scattering intensity. These changes were rationalized with numerical calculations and correlated with electron microscopy analyses revealing the morphology and thickness of Pd and Pt shells. This electrochemical approach provides a new pathway for the synthesis of bimetallic structures with catalytic surfaces.

One health assessment of farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) on zoonoses in Bangladesh

Biochar filtration of drug-resistant bacteria and active pharmaceutical ingredients to combat antimicrobial resistance

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major cause of death worldwide, with 1.27 M direct deaths from bacterial drug-resistant infections as of 2019. Dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the environment, in conjunction with pharmapollution by active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), create and foster an environmental reservoir of AMR. Creative solutions are required to mitigate environmental AMR, while taking into consideration other aspects of the planetary “Triple Crisis” of pollution, biodiversity loss, and climate change. Waste lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), a byproduct of agriculture and forestry, is the largest stream of non-edible biomass globally. Through pyrolysis, waste LCB can be converted into biochars, which have excellent attributes for adsorption of pollutants–though no studies have yet reliably correlated production conditions with efficacy, nor considered adsorption of human pathogens. By leveraging a bespoke pyrolysis reactor with precisely controlled parameters, we show that production conditions substantially affect sequestration of clinical bacterial isolates, removing up to 94% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RP73 and 85% of Staphylococcus aureus EMRSA-15. In addition, we show that chars produced at higher peak pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C) can remove up to 88% of the antibiotic clarithromycin from wastewater, as well as significant proportions of many other APIs with varied physicochemical characteristics. These findings provide a first-in-kind insight into how production conditions affect the ability of biochars to mitigate environmental AMR.