Browse Articles

A cost-utility analysis of adding SGLT2 inhibitors for the management of type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease in Thailand

Physiological premature aging of ovarian blood vessels leads to decline in fertility in middle-aged mice

Investigating the relationship between built environment and urban vitality using big data

Distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in a source water reservoir, Central China

AbstractThe current researches on microplastics in different water layers of reservoirs remains limited. This study aims to investigate the microplastics in different water layers within a source water reservoir. Results revealed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 2.07 n/L to 14.28 n/L (reservoir, water) and 3 to 7.02 n/L (river, water), while varied from 350 to 714 n/kg(dw) (reservoir, sediment) and 299 to 1360 n/kg(dw) (river, sediment). The average abundance in surface, middle, and bottom water were 6.83 n/L, 6.30 n/L, and 6.91 n/L respectively. Transparent fibrous smaller than < 0.5 mm were identified as the predominant fraction with Polypropylene and Polyethylene being the prevalent polymer types. Additionally, the pollution load index, hazard index, and pollution risk index were calculated for different layers and sediments. Results showed that surface water exhibited a moderate level of risk while the sediments posed a low level of risk. Both the middle and bottom water showed elevated levels of risk due to higher concentrations of polymers with significant toxicity indices. This study presents novel findings on the distribution of microplastics in different water layers, providing crucial data support for understanding the migration patterns of microplastics in source water reservoirs and facilitating pollution prevention efforts.

Helical dislocation-driven plasticity and flexible high-performance thermoelectric generator in α-Mg3Bi2 single crystals

The brain prioritizes the basic level of object category abstraction

Comparison of oxidative stress status in the kidney tissue of male rats treated with paraquat and nanoparaquat

Robust proteome profiling of cysteine-reactive fragments using label-free chemoproteomics

Abstract Identifying pharmacological probes for human proteins represents a key opportunity to accelerate the discovery of new therapeutics. High-content screening approaches to expand the ligandable proteome offer the potential to expedite the discovery of novel chemical probes to study protein function. Screening libraries of reactive fragments by chemoproteomics offers a compelling approach to ligand discovery, however, optimising sample throughput, proteomic depth, and data reproducibility remains a key challenge. We report a versatile, label-free quantification proteomics platform for competitive profiling of cysteine-reactive fragments against the native proteome. This high-throughput platform combines SP4 plate-based sample preparation with rapid chromatographic gradients. Data-independent acquisition performed on a Bruker timsTOF Pro 2 consistently identified ~23,000 cysteine sites per run, with a total of ~32,000 cysteine sites profiled in HEK293T and Jurkat lysate. Crucially, this depth in cysteinome coverage is met with high data completeness, enabling robust identification of liganded proteins. In this study, 80 reactive fragments were screened in two cell lines identifying >400 ligand-protein interactions. Hits were validated through concentration-response experiments and the platform was utilised for hit expansion and live cell experiments. This label-free platform represents a significant step forward in high-throughput proteomics to evaluate ligandability of cysteines across the human proteome.

Wavelength-tunable infrared metasurfaces with chiral bound states in the continuum

Prognosis of invasive encapsulated follicular variant and classical papillary thyroid carcinoma: a propensity score-matched study using the SEER database

Harnessing orbital Hall effect in spin-orbit torque MRAM

AbstractSpin-Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) devices offer improved power efficiency, nonvolatility, and performance compared to static RAM, making them ideal, for instance, for cache memory applications. Efficient magnetization switching, long data retention, and high-density integration in SOT MRAM require ferromagnets (FM) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) combined with large torques enhanced by Orbital Hall Effect (OHE). We have engineered a PMA [Co/Ni]3 FM on selected OHE layers (Ru, Nb, Cr) and investigated the potential of theoretically predicted larger orbital Hall conductivity (OHC) to quantify the torque and switching current in OHE/[Co/Ni]3 stacks. Our results demonstrate a  ~30% enhancement in damping-like torque efficiency with a positive sign for the Ru OHE layer compared to a pure Pt layer, accompanied by a  ~20% reduction in switching current for Ru compared to pure Pt across more than 250 devices, leading to more than a 60% reduction in switching power. These findings validate the application of Ru in devices relevant to industrial contexts, supporting theoretical predictions regarding its superior OHC. This investigation highlights the potential of enhanced orbital torques to improve the performance of orbital-assisted SOT-MRAM, paving the way for next-generation memory technology.

Effect of cobalt ions doping on morphology and electrochemical properties of hydroxyapatite coatings for biomedical applications

Explainable quality assessment of effective aligned skeletal representations for martial arts movements by multi-machine learning decisions

Anti-dendrite separator interlayer enabling staged zinc deposition for enhanced cycling stability of aqueous zinc batteries

Structural dimensions of physical function and their associations with working memory in adults aged 60–74 years

Response of carbon storage to land use change and multi-scenario predictions in Zunyi, China

Antiferromagnetic semimetal terahertz photodetectors enhanced through weak localization

Optimizing concrete crack detection an echo state network approach with improved fish migration optimization

Impaired cardiac pumping function and increased afterload as determinants of early hemodynamic alterations in Cushing disease

PhpCNF-Y transcription factor infiltrates heterochromatin to generate cryptic intron-containing transcripts crucial for small RNA production

AbstractThe assembly of repressive heterochromatin in eukaryotic genomes is crucial for silencing lineage-inappropriate genes and repetitive DNA elements. Paradoxically, transcription of repetitive elements within constitutive heterochromatin domains is required for RNA-based mechanisms, such as the RNAi pathway, to target heterochromatin assembly proteins. However, the mechanism by which heterochromatic repeats are transcribed has been unclear. Using fission yeast, we show that the conserved trimeric transcription factor (TF) PhpCNF-Y complex can infiltrate constitutive heterochromatin via its histone-fold domains to transcribe repeat elements. PhpCNF-Y collaborates with a Zn-finger containing TF to bind repeat promoter regions with CCAAT boxes. Mutating either the TFs or the CCAAT binding site disrupts the transcription of heterochromatic repeats. Although repeat elements are transcribed from both strands, PhpCNF-Y-dependent transcripts originate from only one strand. These TF-driven transcripts contain multiple cryptic introns which are required for the generation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) via a mechanism involving the spliceosome and RNAi machinery. Our analyses show that siRNA production by this TF-mediated transcription pathway is critical for heterochromatin nucleation at target repeat loci. This study reveals a mechanism by which heterochromatic repeats are transcribed, initiating their own silencing by triggering a primary cascade that produces siRNAs necessary for heterochromatin nucleation.