Browse Articles

Perioperative Anemia and Patient Blood Management in Cardiac Surgery: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Perioperative anemia and red blood cell transfusions are important risk factors for morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. Preoperative anemia is common, with up to 50% of patients presenting for cardiac surgery affected. Iron deficiency—the most common and potentially modifiable cause of preoperative anemia—is a major driver of blood transfusions in the cardiac surgical setting, adversely affecting both patient outcomes and resource utilization. Perioperative blood management, a patient-centered approach to blood conservation during cardiac surgery, is a multidisciplinary collaborative effort among anesthesiologists, surgeons, perfusionists, intensivists, and transfusion laboratory teams. Strategies aim to reduce blood loss and transfusions and improve patient outcomes. There has been a recent increase in research related to anemia, iron deficiency, and patient blood management in cardiac surgery. This scientific statement highlights the latest evidence on preoperative anemia assessment and intraoperative blood conservation; discusses considerations for specific patient populations regarding anemia prevalence, treatment, and outcomes; and reviews key challenges and knowledge gaps, with the goal of minimizing the impact of preoperative anemia, intraoperative blood loss, and hemodilution on cardiac surgery outcomes.

Response by Poudel and Susztak to Letter Regarding Article, “Cell-Specific Inducible Human APOL1 Risk Variant Expression in Mice Causes Hypertension and Renal Damage”

Heart Failure Occurring in the Perinatal Period: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Heart failure in the perinatal period remains ambiguous in definition and management despite its recognition as a unique disease state. The true incidence and prevalence of heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction during pregnancy and the postpartum period are unknown, although a prevalence as high as 1% to 2% has been reported in the general adult US population. Assessment of heart failure can be challenging in the pregnant or postpartum state, during which symptoms affecting physical function (eg, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, and lower-extremity edema) are prevalent because of physiological changes. Delays in the recognition and diagnosis of heart failure during the perinatal period contribute to adverse maternal outcomes, highlighting the need for evidence-based definitions and thresholds, improved diagnostic criteria to aid disease recognition, and effective screening tools. This scientific statement focuses on heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction in the context of pregnancy and the postpartum period, caused by various forms of cardiomyopathy. It addresses challenges related to recognizing heart failure in obstetric patients, outlines established treatment standards, and underscores potential areas for research. To improve the management of preexisting and de novo heart failure in obstetric patients, standardization of disease definitions, specific therapeutic options, implementation of effective screening tools, and interventions to improve maternal health equity are imperative. Future directions include prioritizing the inclusion of pregnant and postpartum individuals in heart failure studies, implementing interventions that facilitate early disease detection, and ensuring the timely initiation of appropriate therapies with the goal of reducing adverse outcomes associated with perinatal heart failure.

Mechanosensitive Endothelial METTL7A Regulates Internal m ⁷ G mRNA Methylation and Protects Against Atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND: Internal N7-methylguanosine (m 7 G) is a recently identified chemical modification of mammalian mRNA. Although the epitranscriptome plays a key role in regulating RNA metabolism and cellular function, the specific contribution of internal m 7 G to cardiovascular disease remains unknown. Atherosclerosis preferentially develops at sites of disturbed blood flow, which promotes endothelial activation; however, whether internal m 7 G regulates endothelial mechanotransduction and atherogenesis remains unclear. METHODS: We integrated epitranscriptomic profiling, human tissues, genetically modified mice, and targeted nanomedicine approaches to investigate the role of METTL7A (methyltransferase-like protein 7A), a putative internal m 7 G methyltransferase, in endothelial mechanobiology and atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial cells were subjected to atheroprotective and atheroprone flow waveforms in vitro and in vivo. METTL7A function was assessed using RNA sequencing, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, crosslinking immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA stability assays, and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated–inspired RNA targeting system. METTL7A expression was examined in human coronary arteries with and without atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis studies were conducted using global and endothelial-specific Mettl7a1 knockout mice. Endothelial METTL7A expression was restored using polymer-based nanoparticles delivering CDH5 promoter–driven METTL7A plasmids or VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1)–targeted lipid nanoparticles delivering N1-methylpseudouridine–modified METTL7A mRNA. RESULTS: Atheroprotective unidirectional flow significantly induced METTL7A expression, which promoted internal m 7 G methylation of endothelial transcripts without affecting cap-associated m 7 G. METTL7A preferentially bound AG-enriched motifs in protein-coding mRNAs and increased internal m 7 G methylation and stability of KLF4 and NFKBIA transcripts, thereby supporting vascular homeostasis. Endothelial METTL7A expression was significantly reduced by disturbed blood flow and in human atherosclerotic lesions. Global or endothelial-specific loss of Mettl7a1 exacerbated atherosclerosis in mice independent of serum lipid levels. Endothelial restoration of METTL7A through nanoparticle delivery of either a METTL7A plasmid or N1-methylpseudouridine–modified METTL7A mRNA markedly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion formation in Mettl7a1 − / − and ApoE − / − mice. CONCLUSIONS: METTL7A is a mechanosensitive internal m 7 G methyltransferase that maintains endothelial homeostasis by stabilizing the anti-inflammatory transcripts KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) and NFKBIA. Loss of METTL7A disrupts endothelial function and accelerates atherogenesis. Endothelial restoration of METTL7A through complementary targeted nanoparticle platforms significantly reduces atherosclerotic burden. These findings uncover a novel epitranscriptomic mechanism governing vascular health and position METTL7A as a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

HFpEF at the Splice Junction: A Thin Filament Mechanism of Diastolic Dysfunction

Alternative Splicing of TPM1 Mediated by SRPK3 Drives Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become the most prevalent type of heart failure, a condition characterized by impaired diastolic function and elevated left ventricular stiffness. TPM1 (tropomyosin 1), a crucial part of the thin filament in cardiomyocytes, has multiple alternative exons. However, the impact of TPM1 alternative splicing (AS) in HFpEF remains unclear. METHODS: We examined cardiac myofiber disarray in HFpEF using transmission electron microscopy. Nanoindentation was used to detect myocardial compliance. Using genetically engineered (adenovirus-associated virus serotype 9) mouse models and human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes, we investigated the role of TPM1 isoforms and TPM1’s upstream SRPK3 (serine/arginine rich protein kinase 3). Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms were investigated using RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, AS analysis, and other molecular techniques. RESULTS: We identified unique myofilament disorders in HFpEF and observed upregulation of the TPM1b isoform, which skips exon 9a through AS, in both patients with HFpEF and mouse models. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of distinct TPM1 isoforms showed that TPM1b (without exon 9a) exacerbated HFpEF phenotypes in mice and human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we found that the splicing kinase SRPK3 mediates the AS of TPM1 exon 9a. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of SRPK3 induced myofiber disarray and diastolic dysfunction, whereas SRPK3 knockdown ameliorated these pathological phenotypes. Supplementation with TPM1 containing exon 9a partially rescued the diastolic dysfunction under conditions of SRPK3 overexpression. Preventive intervention experiments demonstrated that inactivating SRPK3 can alleviate diastolic dysfunction in the HFpEF mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: AS of TPM1 exon 9a is a critical pathogenic mechanism in myofilament disorder and diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF, which is dependent on the upstream splicing kinase SRPK3. SRPK3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for HFpEF.

The Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension International Risk Score: A Prediction Model for Outcomes Using Machine Learning

BACKGROUND: Risk prediction is fundamental to pulmonary hypertension (PH) guideline-based care, yet pediatric-specific risk prediction models remain limited, relying primarily on single predictors, expert opinion, or application of adult models to children. The authors developed and externally validated a data-driven 1-year risk prediction model for pediatric PH. METHODS: Pediatric patients with PH (n=345; World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension groups 1 and 3) enrolled in the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network Registry (2014–2020; 50.4% male; median age, 4.9 years [interquartile range, 1.9–10.3]) were split into training (80%) and test cohorts (20%). The Dutch National Registry for Pulmonary Hypertension in Childhood (n=155 [1993–2020]) and the Spanish Registry of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (n=327 [2009–2023]) were used for external validation. From 176 variables, BorutaSHAP feature selection with random forest identified 16 predictors for a 1-year outcome of time to death, transplant, Potts shunt, or atrial septostomy, modeled using extreme gradient boosting. Performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, confusion matrices, calibration, and Kaplan-Meier event-free survival. RESULTS: The final model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (0.79–0.97) and 99% (96%–99%) negative predictive value in testing, dividing participants into 3 groups with strong outcome discrimination. External validation showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (Dutch National Registry for Pulmonary Hypertension in Childhood, 0.70–0.81) and 0.77 (Spanish Registry of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension, 0.73–0.82) with negative predictive values of 93% (93%–97%) and 96% (93%–97%), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis significantly differentiated outcomes by risk group. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter, validated model provides good 1-year risk prediction in pediatric PH across World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension groups 1 and 3, providing a robust tool for clinical risk stratification to guide therapy and addressing a gap in pediatric PH care.

Prospective, Single-Arm Pivotal Study for the Treatment of Subjects With Severe Symptomatic Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Using the Valvosoft Noninvasive Ultrasound Therapy

YAP Promotes Microtubule Growth to Facilitate Sarcomere Disassembly in Adult Cardiomyocytes

BACKGROUND: Mature mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) develop compact sarcomeric structures that inhibit proliferation. Consequently, CMs must dedifferentiate to a fetus-like state, which is accompanied by sarcomere disassembly, to enable successful cytokinesis. However, the regulation and coordination of CM dedifferentiation, cell cycle progression, and sarcomere reorganization remain unclear. METHODS: We generated adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (MyoAAV) vectors expressing YAP5SA and YAP5SA-S94A under X on control for LMI070-inducible protein expression. We also developed MyoAAV-cTnT- Tuba1b -shRNA- miR30 for cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Tuba1b . These tools were used to investigate CM dedifferentiation and proliferation and sarcomere disassembly. We also performed Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease to map the genome-wide binding sites of YAP5SA and YAP5SA-S94A in combination with RNA sequencing to identify YAP target genes. In addition, time-course live-imaging analysis was used to evaluate microtubule and sarcomere dynamics in adult CMs. RESULTS: We show that microtubule expression and network density decline with cardiac maturation. Overexpression of YAP5SA, a constitutively active YAP mutant, promotes microtubule growth by stabilizing microtubule dynamics, leading to CM dedifferentiation, cell cycle re-entry, and sarcomere disassembly. In contrast, colchicine blocks these processes and significantly attenuates YAP-induced cardiac regeneration. Live imaging reveals a distinct mode of sarcomere disassembly driven by enhanced microtubule polymerization, wherein microtubule plus-ends directly interact with α-actinin and displace α-actinin fragments, thereby facilitating sarcomere breakdown. Furthermore, the YAP5SA-S94A mutation, which disrupts the YAP and TEA domain interaction, significantly reduces YAP5SA-induced microtubule growth, sarcomere disassembly, and cell cycle activity. Mechanistically, cleavage under targets and release using nuclease combined with RNA sequencing identified direct YAP targets, including Ajuba and Tuba1b , which are critical for microtubule growth. CM-specific knockdown of Tuba1b attenuates YAP-driven sarcomere disassembly. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify microtubule networks as an essential regulator modulating CM dedifferentiation and sarcomere reorganization, which is critical for CM cytokinesis and cardiac regenerative repair.

Tailoring Symmetry Breaking in Engineered van der Waals Superlattices

ABSTRACT Superlattice engineering in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (e.g., by moiré engineering) provides a powerful platform for designing electronic bands and realizing correlated and topological quantum phenomena. Here, we pioneer a scheme to tailor superpotentials based on intrinsic substrate electronic orders. We show that this establishes a robust, self‐aligned, and highly versatile route to band‐structure control, as we demonstrate in graphene by engineering two distinct, nearly commensurate superlattices using the charge density waves (CDWs) of 1T‐NbSe 2 . In these superlattices, the graphene's Dirac cones are folded either to the ‐point or to the K‐points of the mini‐Brillouin zone (mBZ). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we observe that the ‐folded system preserves symmetry, while the K‐folded system exhibits symmetry breaking. Combining density functional theory with an interlayer interaction model, we reveal that this difference is not electronically driven but originates from a structural instability. Our work establishes superlattice engineering for designer quantum states and unveils a structural mechanism for controlled emergent symmetry breaking.

Advanced Lithium‐Organic Batteries: Challenges and Strategies

ABSTRACT Lithium‐organic batteries have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the sustainability and highly tunable molecular structures of organic electrode materials. Despite promising results reported in the literature, transitioning these systems to practical applications remains a significant challenge due to the dissolution and low intrinsic electronic conductivity of organic electrode materials. This Review seeks to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications by outlining comprehensive strategies for developing viable lithium‐organic battery systems. Accelerating practical application will require improvements in electronic conductivity and redox‐site accessibility at the material level, while advancing electrode manufacturing and cell assembly to enable scalable production. Critical performance metrics, such as energy density, cycling stability, and safety, are discussed to assess the feasibility of organic batteries across different application conditions. This review aims to provide guidance toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible energy future.

Bioinspired Hierarchical Cellulose/MXene Fibers for Integrated Capture and Ultrasensitive Detection of Microplastics in Complex Biological Matrices

ABSTRACT The long‐standing disconnection between enrichment and identification processes fundamentally limits the reliable tracing of microplastics (MPs) in complex aqueous and biological environments. Inspired by the synergistic structure–function design of bee leg villi, we report a bioinspired hierarchical fiber composed of tunicate nanocellulose (TNC) and PDDA‐modified positively charged MXene (P‐MXene) that seamlessly integrates active capture with molecular identification. Through microfluidic spinning combined with interfacial electrostatic engineering, the hierarchical fiber is endowed with a biomimetic wrinkled topology and a rationally designed positively charged architecture, enabling spontaneous sequestration of negatively charged MPs with an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 978.9 mg/g, a 9‐fold enhancement over pristine fibers. Concurrently, the MXene‐functionalized surface serves as an efficient surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate, delivering an enhancement factor of 1.2 × 10 5 and enabling a 128‐fold improvement in detection sensitivity. Benefiting from this integrated trap‐and‐sense mechanism, the platform effectively suppresses interference from complex biological matrices and enables trace‐level detection of MPs accumulation in plant tissues, such as bean sprouts, revealing preferential retention in the root systems. This work establishes a versatile biomimetic hierarchical fiber‐based material platform for detecting trace‐level contaminants in realistic biological systems and beyond.

Synergistic Interface Stabilization and Dynamic Defect Passivation for High‐Performance Ultraviolet‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Despite major efficiency breakthroughs in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their stability under ultraviolet (UV)‐induced degradation remains challenging because photoinduced defect accumulation in the perovskite and deterioration of the buried ITO/SAM/perovskite interface occur simultaneously under illumination. We develop a bulk/interface synergistic stabilization strategy by combining dynamic perovskite defect regulation with buried‐interface reinforcement. The photoisomerizable molecule 1,3,3‐trimethylindolino‐6'‐bromobenzopyrylospiran (TIBBP) serves as a dynamic passivator. It responds to light and reversibly transitions from a closed form to an open form, enabling a continuous functional pathway from film formation to device operation. The closed form regulates crystallization and initial defects, while the UV‐induced open form generates multiple active sites for passivating newly formed defects. To strengthen the buried hole‐transport interface, [4‐(3,6‐difluoro‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl]phosphonic acid (F‐PhPACZ) is designed as a UV‐durable SAM. The conjugated backbone improves SAM chemical stability and ITO anchoring under UV stress, while fluorine‐related interactions contribute to buried‐interface passivation and improved perovskite growth. By simultaneously suppressing perovskite defect evolution and buried‐interface degradation, the inverted PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency of 27.18% (certified 26.65%) and markedly improved stability under UV irradiation, air exposure, and thermal aging. This work provides a device‐failure‐pathway‐oriented strategy for efficient and stable inverted perovskite photovoltaics.

Above Room Temperature Ferroelectricity in Epitaxially Strained KTaO ₃

ABSTRACT Epitaxial strain is a powerful means to engineer emergent phenomena in thin films and heterostructures. Here, we demonstrate that , a cubic perovskite in bulk form, can be epitaxially strained into a highly tunable ferroelectric. films grown commensurate to (001) substrates experience an in‐plane strain of −2.1 % that transforms the cubic structure into a tetragonal polar phase with a transition temperature of , consistent with our thermodynamic calculations. We show that the Curie temperature and the spontaneous electric polarization can be systematically controlled with epitaxial strain. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals cooperative polar displacements of the potassium columns with respect to the neighboring tantalum columns at room temperature. Optical second‐harmonic generation results are described by a tetragonal polar point group (), indicating the emergence of a global polar ground state. We observe a ferroelectric hysteresis response using metal–insulator–metal capacitor test structures. The results demonstrate a robust intrinsic ferroelectric state in epitaxially strained thin films.

A Synthetic β‐Mannan Epitope Enables Immunization and Detection of <i>Candida auris</i>

ABSTRACT Candida auris is an emerging multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen for which neither vaccines nor rapid diagnostics are available. Defined fungal glycan epitopes offer a chemically precise route toward both immunization and detection. Here, we show that a synthetic β‐mannan tetrasaccharide, β‐(1,2)Man‐α‐(1,2)Man‐α‐(1,2)Man‐α‐(1,2)Man, functions as a lead epitope against C. auris . Conjugation of this glycan to the carrier protein CRM 197 afforded a glycoconjugate that elicited epitope‐selective immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses and reduced fungal burden in kidneys and spleen in a murine disseminated infection model. Monoclonal IgG1 antibodies raised against the same synthetic glycan displayed structure‐dependent recognition of oligomannosides and Candida cells and enabled passive immunization, resulting in reduced fungal burden in the spleen. One antibody enabled the development of a prototype lateral flow assay for rapid detection of multiple Candida species. The defined synthetic β‐mannan epitope connects glycoconjugate immunization with antibody‐based recognition and establishes a chemically defined platform for antifungal intervention and detection.

Twisted Multi‐Boron Topological <i>π</i> ‐Extension Enables Narrowband Deep‐Blue Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters

ABSTRACT Heteroatom‐fused ring systems featuring topological architectures represent a powerful platform for engineering molecular properties. Herein, we report two topology‐engineered heteroaromatic emitters, BO‐DPAB3 and BO‐DPAB4. Through precise modulation of the number, ratio, and spatial arrangement of B, N, and O heteroatoms, a twisted π‐conjugated framework with finely tuned electronic structure was constructed. The controllable multi‐boron π‐extension enables multidirectional electron delocalization while preserving localized excited‐state characteristics. The rigid twisted topology minimizes structural relaxation and weakens intermolecular interactions, thereby reducing aggregation‐caused quenching and enabling narrowband deep‐blue emission at 453 and 449 nm with a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 24 and 20 nm, respectively. Notably, organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices based on the symmetric tetraboron emitter BO‐DPAB4 achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) of 30.1% and a Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.138, 0.073). This work establishes twisted multi‐boron topological π‐extension as an effective molecular design paradigm for developing deep‐blue emitters with high efficiency and color purity.

Broad Optical Absorption and Photochromism in a Metal‐Tripyridinium Cage Glass via Acid Perturbation for Efficient Photothermo‐Electric Synergistic Conversion

ABSTRACT Solar‐thermoelectric generation (STEG) offers a promising route to meet growing energy demands, but its practical application is constrained by the narrow photoresponse and low efficiency of conventional photothermal materials. Here, we report an ultrastable metal‐tripyridinium cage photochromic glass ( 1g ) with outstanding photothermal performance, synthesized through an acid perturbation strategy. A π‐extended tripyridinium‐based tricarboxylic acid ligand was designed, integrating a rigid pyridine‐centered aromatic scaffold for cage assembly with flexible N‐CH 2 ‐aryl linkers to facilitate glass formation. Pair distribution function analyses reveal that the resulting coordination cage glass stabilizes radical states and optimizes charge transfer, enabling broad optical absorption beyond 2000 nm. Consequently, 1g achieves a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.1 ± 1.2% under 1060 nm laser irradiation at 0.6 W cm − 2 , with a stable surface temperature of 97.8 °C. Excited‐state dynamics calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectra show that disorder‐induced LLCT‐to‐MLCT transitions, reduced energy gaps, enhanced reorganization energy, and suppressed radiative decay underlie its exceptional performance. Integrated with thermoelectric modules, the system generates a 50.6°C temperature difference and 2.53 V under 8.0 kW m −2 irradiation, powering multicolor LEDs and dual fans. This work establishes an efficient, stable radical‐based photothermal material and an integrated photo‐thermo‐electric platform for practical STEG applications.

Emergent Supermonomer Directs Spatially Separated Triplet Pair Generation in Dynamic Oligomers

ABSTRACT The spatially separated triplet pair 1 (T···T) is critical for efficient singlet fission (SF) to overcome the recombination losses associated with the strongly coupled 1 (TT) intermediate. However, the microscopic mechanism governing its direct generation in flexible oligomers remains elusive. Here, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on tetracene (Tc) trimers, we discover that polar solvents act as “structural directors” that dynamically assemble adjacent chromophores into a transient “supermonomer”, a pre‐assembled partially delocalized electronic subunit that is inaccessible in static models. This supermonomer transforms the trimer into a functional supermonomer‐monomer quasi‐heterodimer. Coupling and energetic analyses reveal that the terminal long‐range charge transfer (LRCT) gateway in the monomer‐localized framework is electronically inefficient, whereas the supermonomer opens a strongly allowed pseudo‐short‐range CT gateway while maintaining favorable SF energetics. This topology enables formation of a singlet‐born hybrid triplet‐pair precursor 1 ( T T) state in which one triplet is delocalized across the supermonomer ( T 1 ). Driven by thermodynamic gradients, the supermonomer T subsequently localizes onto a terminal unit, yielding the 1 (T···T) state. Calculated Davydov splitting and experimental solvent‐dependent transient spectral broadening provide spectroscopic fingerprints of the supermonomer population. These findings establish dynamic solvent‐induced structural assembly as a key design principle for next‐generation SF materials.

Rational Design of Prussian Blue Analogs Cathodes With “Dual‐Channel” Structure for Wide‐Temperature‐Range Sodium‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT The electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) cathodes over a wide temperature (WT) range is crucial, but is fundamentally limited by sluggish kinetics and transition metal dissolution under harsh conditions. Herein, a channel structured Prussian blue analog (MnANP‐channel, MAC) featuring unconventional carbon‐nitrogen vacancies (V CN ) was designed via a novel “one‐step” in situ etching strategy. Theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that V CN enhances the intrinsic affinity for transition metals and accelerates the diffusion kinetics of sodium ions. The channel microstructure maximizes active site utilization and facilitates rapid mass and charge transport at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. This synergistic interplay between the molecular and microscopic scales, creating a unique “dual‐channel” architecture, endows MAC with excellent WT‐range adaptability (103.9, 151.4, and 162.1 mAh/g at −50°C, 25°C, and 50°C, respectively), exceptional rate capability (20 A/g), and remarkable long‐term cycling stability (≈ 6800 cycles). Critically, the MAC//HC full cell exhibits superior energy density (≈ 309 Wh/kg, based on the total mass of the cathode and anode active materials) and wide‐temperature electrochemical performance (−40°C~50°C). Moreover, this versatile synthetic strategy can be extended to diverse PBA compositions (Fe‐, FeCo‐, FeCoMn‐, and FeCoMnNi‐ANP), offering great opportunities for rational construction of advanced architectures with targeted functionalities.

Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Via a Multi‐Arm Donor–Acceptor Dipole Molecular Bridge

ABSTRACT The rapid advancement of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) engineering has substantially improved the photovoltaic performance of p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, interfacial defects, inefficient charge transport, and residual lattice strain at the SAM/perovskite interface still limit device efficiency and operational stability. Herein, we propose a multi‐arm donor–acceptor (D–A) dipole molecular bridge strategy for buried‐interface regulation. Two D–A type dipole molecules, N4IA and T4IA, were designed and synthesized to clarify the role of molecular‐arm engineering. Compared with N4IA, T4IA features a multi‐arm D–A framework with a larger molecular dipole, abundant triphenylamine‐based hole‐transport units, and multiple C═N/methoxy coordination sites. These structural features enable T4IA to optimize energy‐level alignment, build efficient hole‐transport pathways, accelerate charge extraction, and suppress interfacial nonradiative recombination. Meanwhile, the C═N and methoxy groups strongly interact with undercoordinated Pb 2+ defects, reducing trap states, alleviating residual lattice strain, and improving interfacial stability. The optimized p‐i‐n PSCs based on T4IA interfacial regulation achieve a champion PCE of 26.79% with enhanced long‐term operational and thermal cycling stability. This work provides a feasible molecular interface strategy for developing efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices.