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Atomic‐Level Regulating Zinc Chemistry by Sn Single‐Atom/Carbon‐Fibers Armed Gel Electrolyte for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode
ABSTRACT Gel electrolyte has emerged as a desirable candidate for high‐safety Zn ion batteries (ZIBs), but it is enormously restricted by the sluggish Zn 2+ ion transport and severe electric field distortion at the electrode/electrolyte interface, leading to Zn anode failure. Herein, a unique gel electrolyte with precise atomic‐level regulation of Zn 2+ migration is developed through incorporating Sn single‐atoms (SAs)‐loaded carbon fibers (CFs) into the polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix (PAM/CFs@Sn) for building stable Zn anodes. The CFs fillers are introduced into the PAM gel electrolyte, which can promote more uniform Zn 2+ flux and charge distribution, thereby alleviating electric‐field heterogeneity. Meanwhile, the atomic‐level zincophilic Sn SAs sites offer abundant and uniform active centers to lower the Zn 2+ migration energy barrier, thereby promoting regular and planar Zn deposition. These combined advantages of the PAM/CFs@Sn gel electrolyte enable Zn anodes to achieve stable cycling up to 3740 h at 0.5 mA cm −2 , a high Zn 2+ transference number of 0.89 and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5% over 1480 h, etc. Overall, this work provides a reliable atomic‐level zinc chemistry regulating strategy of gel electrolytes toward durable Zn anodes and beyond.
Chemical Bonding and Crystal Structure Design for Low Thermal Conductivity in Inorganic Solids
ABSTRACT Thermal conductivity is one of the fundamental manifestations of how the underlying atomic arrangement in materials facilitates heat flow. The critical role of thermal conductivity in influencing the performance of materials in the energy and quantum technologies arena makes engineering it to match functionality a crucial challenge to address. Here, we focus on intrinsically tuning thermal transport in inorganic crystalline solids through the strategic design of crystal structures. As structure is determined by the underlying chemical bonding, light is also shed on the influence of chemical bonding on thermal transport, including the concept of multicentered bonding and the role of antibonding states. In this review, we distill global research efforts into key design features rooted in chemical bonding and structural principles that enable an intrinsic property‐based descriptor‐framework for the purposeful manipulation of thermal conductivity in inorganic solids. We survey examples in which lattice thermal conductivity of crystalline solids has been pushed to extremes, specifically toward the diffusion limit or even rendered glassy. The broad and significant applicability of these principles across functional materials such as thermoelectrics, superionic conductors, ferroelectrics and halide perovskites is thus demonstrated. Finally, we explore emerging directions in the field, including topological phonons, thermotronics, and the phonon wave‐particle crossover, alongside the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on materials discovery.
AFM‐Quantified Adhesion Energy Describes Bubble‐Mediated Mass Transport on Gas‐Evolving Electrodes
ABSTRACT Mass transport at three‐phase interfaces is a primary bottleneck for industrial gas‐evolving electrodes due to severe bubble coverage and suppressed liquid renewal. Here, we establish the interfacial work of adhesion (Δ G ad )—quantified via spherical‐tip AFM nanoindentation—as a predictive nanoscale descriptor of surface energetics under ambient conditions. Δ G ad captures the thermodynamic competition between electrolyte wetting and gas adhesion at the solid surface, thereby governing bubble‐mediated mass transport. Using model MoS 2 electrodes, we show that vertical structuring and phase engineering (V hetero ‐MoS 2 ) significantly increase the AFM‐quantified Δ G ad . This heightened Δ G ad strengthens the solid‐electrolyte affinity, effectively suppressing gas adhesion and reducing bubble blockage. In situ Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and pseudopotential simulations consistently show that surfaces with higher Δ G ad yield smaller bubbles and enhanced interfacial renewal. Accordingly, the apparent aerophobicity follows from stronger electrolyte affinity via interfacial energy competition. Using hydrogen evolution as a representative gas‐evolving reaction, the V hetero ‐MoS 2 electrode sustains stable hydrogen evolution at 1000 mA cm − 2 . This work provides a unified energetic framework for three‐phase interface engineering, establishing Δ G ad as a quantifiable, AFM‐accessible metric for the rational design of high‐performance gas‐evolving electrodes.
In Situ Reconstruction of a Highly Integrated Cu/Cu <sub>2</sub> O/MoO <sub>2</sub> Dual Heterojunctions for High‐Performance CO <sub>2</sub> Photothermal Catalysis
ABSTRACT During heterogeneous photothermal catalysis, catalysts are prone to undergo random and disordered structural evolution, which poses a severe challenge to the construction of advanced photothermal catalytic systems integrating photoexcited charge carrier separation, molecular activation, and active‐site engineering. In this work, we employ an in situ reconstruction strategy to fabricate a highly integrated Cu/Cu 2 O/MoO 2 composite catalyst using Cu 3 Mo 2 O 9 as the precursor under a CO 2 /H 2 reaction atmosphere. The as‐constructed Cu/Cu 2 O Schottky junction and Cu 2 O/MoO 2 p‐n junction form a dual‐heterojunction structure, enabling efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Meanwhile, amorphous MoO 2 with abundant oxygen vacancies and Cu/Cu 2 O provide functionally complementary activation sites for CO 2 activation and H 2 dissociation/spillover, respectively. Benefiting from the efficient synergistic interplay among the three components (Cu, Cu 2 O, and MoO 2 ), the Cu/Cu 2 O/MoO 2 catalyst enables the efficient conversion of CO 2 via the photothermal reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction, delivering a superior CO production rate of 14.65 mmol g −1 h −1 alongside ultra‐long stability, retaining high activity across an impressive 215‐h continuous reaction run. This study offers a new avenue for the construction of integrated functional photothermal catalysts with high performance via an in situ reconstruction approach.
Geometrically Asymmetric Phosphonium Zwitterions Enable Efficient Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
ABSTRACT Carbon‐based, fully printable hole‐transport‐layer‐free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs) offer a low‐cost, scalable photovoltaic technology, yet suffer from efficiency losses due to non‐radiative recombination at electron‐selective interface. Here, we design geometrically asymmetric zwitterions, featuring a bulky charge‐dispersed triphenylphosphonium cation and a small charge‐concentrated sulfonate anion linked by an alkyl chain, to weaken intermolecular and intramolecular charge attraction, thereby constructing a permanent dipole interlayer that mitigates such recombination. By extending the alkyl spacer and introducing methyl substituents on triphenylphosphonium, the optimized zwitterion, 4‐(tri‐p‐tolylphosphonio)butane‐1‐sulfonate (4MePS), achieves an ultrahigh dipole moment of 14.92 Debye. 4MePS strongly interacts with both perovskite and TiO 2 to form surface dipoles, drastically lowering their work functions by 0.42 and 0.54 eV, respectively. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that 4MePS suppresses non‐radiative recombination and accelerates charge extraction in p‐MPSCs. Consequently, 4MePS‐treated p‐MPSCs deliver a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.3% (vs. 21.8% for control) and a minimodule efficiency of 20.2% over 57.3 cm 2 , among the highest reported for p‐MPSCs. Encapsulated devices retain 90% of their initial PCE after 1200 hours of maximum power point tracking under 1‑sun illumination at 55 ± 5 °C. This work establishes a charge density‐asymmetric molecular design strategy for engineering interfacial dipoles toward high‐performance perovskite devices.
Interlayer Water Activation Supplemented Dual Oxygen Evolution Reaction Channels in Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Seawater Electrolysis
ABSTRACT Direct seawater electrolysis powered by renewable electricity offers a promising avenue for sustainable production of green hydrogen, yet the challenges of chloride‐induced corrosion and sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) persist with electrocatalysts. Here, a sulfur‐modified CoFe‐layered double hydroxide catalyst (S‐CF· n H 2 O) is developed to address the above activity and stability issues, in which sulfur etching‐assisted targeted reconstruction occurs and yields high‐density accessible active sites both on the surface and in the interlayer galleries; meanwhile, sulfate ions derived from sulfur oxidation adsorb on catalyst and create an electrostatic Cl − ‐repelling barrier. Featuring interlayer space as a supplementary reaction region and an electrostatic‐protecting sulfate layer, S‐CF· n H 2 O catalyst achieves exceptional OER activity (with an overpotential of 370 mV at 1 A cm −2 ) and unprecedented durability exceeding 12 000 h in alkaline seawater; the seawater electrolyzer assembled from S‐CF· n H 2 O also demonstrates stable operation for 10 000 h at 600 mA cm −2 . In situ spectroscopic and isotope tracing analyses reveal a distinct oxide pathway mechanism with the interlayer water, in contrast to the adsorbate evolution mechanism occurring at the catalyst outer surface. This work conceptually reveals the robustness of interlayer chemistry for the design of high‐performance LDH‐based catalysts.
Defect‐Templated Phase Engineering in Atomically Thin Metals
ABSTRACT Achieving deterministic control over crystal phase at the atomic limit remains a fundamental challenge for atomically thin metals, where subtle differences in atomic registry can produce large changes in electronic and optical functionality. Here, we establish interfacial defect templating as a general materials‐design strategy for phase engineering in confined two‐dimensional metals, using monolayer silver as a model system. By tailoring the defect chemistry of a graphene overlayer, we selectively stabilize two competing crystalline phases of two‐dimensional Ag at the graphene/SiC interface: a near‐commensurate phase promoted by vacancy and line defects in epitaxial graphene, and a denser phase favored beneath intrinsically sp 3 ‐rich zero‐layer graphene. Multimodal characterization reveals distinct lattice registries, electronic structures, and charge transfer to the graphene overlayer for each phase. First‐principles calculations show that phase selectivity arises from a competition between kinetically favored nucleation pathways and thermodynamically preferred packing configurations, explaining both controlled phase formation and long‐term evolution. The defect‐programmed Ag phases exhibit strongly contrasting linear and nonlinear optical responses, enabling phase‐tunable optical functionality at atomic thickness. More broadly, this work reframes defects as deliberate design elements for programming structure–property relationships in confined two‐dimensional metals.
Chloride Ions: Essential Agents for Achieving Spontaneous Delamination of MXene
ABSTRACT Despite significant advancements in MXene synthesis, the etching and delamination processes remained largely empirical, with limited understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Here, we uncover the pivotal role of chloride ions (Cl – ) in enabling spontaneous delamination by facilitating Li + ion intercalation through interlayer expansion and surface termination during the etching. In all cases, delamination is not observed where Cl − was absent in the etchant, and spontaneous delamination occurs only in samples where chlorine terminations are formed during the etching. Our findings are utilized to develop a one‐step, maximized spontaneous MXene synthesis method with high delamination efficiency, yielding an 83.6% production rate and an enhanced electrical conductivity of ∼15 000 S/cm. It shows superior performance in transparent conductive films and Joule heating devices, showcasing their potential for next‐generation electronic and energy systems. This delamination mechanism and synthesis approach are not limited to Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX but can be extended to other MAX phases, highlighting their broad applicability. Observations made in this effort should serve as the foundation for designing new synthesis routes for diverse MAX phases and advancing MXene‐based applications.
Electropolymerized Aptasensor for Femtogram‐Level Cytokine Detection
ABSTRACT Detecting cytokines at ultralow concentrations is important for the early diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory and immune disorders, yet remains constrained by the sensitivity and stability of bioelectronic interfaces. Here, we present an electropolymerization strategy for preparing poly(amino‐ʟ‐tyrosine) (pALT) nanofilms as functional biointerfaces for DNA aptamer‐based cytokine recognition. Electropolymerization yields ultrathin, continuous, and ultrasmooth coatings that combine chemical stability with accessible carboxyl functionalities for the direct bioconjugation of amine‐terminated aptamers. Integrated into fiber‐optic surface plasmon resonance and organic electrochemical transistor platforms, the pALT interfaces support interleukin‐6 detection with femtogram‐level sensitivity (100 fg mL −1 ) across five orders of magnitude in dynamic range, among the lower reported detection ranges. By coupling controllable electropolymerization with direct surface biofunctionalization, this approach provides a versatile route to optical and bioelectronics sensing interfaces on electrically conductive substrates.
A Fully Integrated Wearable Sensor for Real Time Monitoring of Multiple Sweat Liver Disease Biomarkers
ABSTRACT Early diagnosis and personalized management of chronic liver disease are critical for preventing disease progression and reducing mortality. However, existing diagnostic methods primarily depend on invasive blood sampling and laboratory‐based analyses, which limit their suitability for continuous, real‐world monitoring. In this study, we developed a skin‐conformal, wearable electrochemical biosensing platform capable of real time monitoring of liver health by continuously analyzing liver‐related metabolic biomarkers (creatine and lactate) in sweat. To improve sensor reliability, we introduced a universal enzyme immobilization strategy based on covalent organic frameworks, which enhances enzymatic stability and maintains catlytic activity under dynamic conditions. The fully integrated system supports efficient passive sweat collection, real time multi‐analyte detection, on‐board signal processing, and digital display. The platform was applied in preliminary human studies to track dynamic changes in sweat creatine and lactate in healthy individuals and participants with chronic liver disease. Overall, this work demonstrates a versatile wearable platform for noninvasive, continuous assisted evaluation of liver metabolic functions, contributing to the advancement of next‐generation personalized healthcare technologies.
Unilateral‐Cyano‐Functionalized Asymmetric Ether‐Based Electrolytes Enable Stable High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
ABSTRACT Enhanced demand for high‐energy‐density batteries has intensified the focus on high‐voltage Ni‐rich ternary cathodes. However, their high‐voltage characteristics are challenging to match the narrow electrochemical stability window of traditional ether electrolytes. Herein, we propose a series of unilateral‐cyano‐functionalized asymmetric glyme (glyme‐CN) electrolytes with broadened oxidation stability by molecular engineering. The electron‐withdrawing cyano group enhances oxidation stability by suppressing ether‐oxygen lone pair loss, while their solvation structures are finely tuned to promote anion‐derived interfacial chemistry. The optimized electrolyte glyme‐CN named TF achieves a 5.2 V electrochemical stability window, 98.9% Coulombic efficiency in Li||Cu cells, and stable cycling in Li||Li cells over 1400 h. The Li||LiFePO 4 full battery with electrolyte TF delivers remarkable cycling stability, maintaining 133.3 mAh g −1 high capacity with a 90.8% capacity retention rate after 4000 cycles at 1C. Furthermore, TF enables a 4.3 V LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 cathode to retain 64.2% capacity after 800 cycles and sustains stable operation even at 4.6 V. This precise molecular engineering strategy for structure and property customization provides new insights into the development of advanced battery materials.
Host–Guest Charge‐Transfer Co‐Crystals With Record‐High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Solar‐Driven Interfacial Water Evaporation
ABSTRACT Solar‐driven interfacial water evaporation using photothermal conversion materials is essential to address global freshwater scarcity. Organic charge‐transfer (CT) co‐crystals are effective for photothermal conversion, but their efficiency is often limited by suboptimal CT interactions. Here, we developed a host–guest‐enhanced CT interaction strategy in organic CT co‐crystals for efficient photothermal conversion. Two co‐crystals, TCNQ@An34C10 and F 4 TCNQ@An34C10 , are prepared by employing an anthracene‐containing crown ether ( An34C10 ) as the electron donor host and two electron acceptor guests, 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane ( TCNQ ) and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane ( F 4 TCNQ ), respectively. Benefiting from the superior electron affinity of F 4 TCNQ , F 4 TCNQ@An34C10 achieves a record‐high photothermal conversion efficiency of 98.0% under 808 nm laser irradiation, far exceeding the 79.9% efficiency of TCNQ@An34C10 . This performance disparity is attributed to the distinct intermolecular interactions within the host–guest complexes, as revealed by combined experimental and theoretical calculations. Based on the exceptional photothermal properties, a composite foam is fabricated for solar‐driven interfacial water evaporation by loading F 4 TCNQ@An34C10 onto porous polyurethane, which achieves a high water evaporation rate of 1.343 kg m −2 h −1 and a solar‐to‐vapor efficiency of 91.1% under 1 sun irradiation. This work provides new avenues for developing advanced photothermal materials toward efficient solar energy utilization.
Soft Yet Tough Tanglemers Through Rapid Photopolymerization for DLP 3D Printing
ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing of compliant materials that simultaneously combine softness, elasticity, and toughness remains a central challenge. Here, we report a single‐resin photopolymerization strategy to produce densely entangled polymer networks (“tanglemers”) via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing using industrially abundant monomers. Comparisons between controlled and uncontrolled radical polymerizations reveal that the uncontrolled, free‐radical approach at low initiator loadings and light intensities balances DLP‐relevant gelation timescale with high molecular weight between crosslinks. The resulting elastomers and hydrogels exhibit a rare combination of properties, including low modulus ( E T <1 MPa for elastomers and <100 kPa for hydrogels), high extensibility ( ε f > 400%), low hysteresis (∼10%), and high toughness ( U t > 1 MJ m − 3 , G c ≈ 1 kJ m − 2 for elastomers; U t ≈ 1 MJ m − 3 , G c ≈ 3 kJ m − 2 for hydrogels). These materials translate from casting to DLP 3D printing with feature sizes down to ∼100 µm, surpassing commercial resins in softness and elasticity, while maintaining competitive toughness and aging resistance after initial accelerated weathering. This work establishes simple, single‐resin formulations as a route to DLP‐printable, defect‐tolerant tanglemers with potential relevance to soft robotic, wearable, and biomedical technologies.
Multidentate Anion [C <sub>6</sub> H <sub>6</sub> NO <sub>6</sub> ] <sup>3−</sup> Coordinated Hybrid Bismuth Complex Single Crystal for Stable X‐Ray Detection With High Sensitivity
ABSTRACT Replacing halides with pseudohalides is effective strategy to address the ion migration and corrosion issues in bismuth (Bi) halides. However, pseudohalides also suffer from weak single‐point bonding, and larger molecular size enhances electron localization that are unfavorable for carrier transport. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new ligand that both ensures structural stability and delivers excellent detection performance. Herein, we first designed a novel multidentate ligand, Nitrilotriacetate [N(CH 2 COO) 3 ] 3− (NTA), which forms (NH 4 ) 3 Bi(NTA) 2 through coordination with Bi. Theoretical calculations reveal that NTA coordination enhances the Bi─O bond, raising migration energies of Bi and O to 5.57 and 1.04 eV, which are significantly higher than those of Bi and I in (NH 4 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 (1.94 and 0.42 eV). Furthermore, unlike in halide complex where the band edges are dominated by Bi and I atomic orbitals, the band edges of (NH 4 ) 3 Bi(NTA) 2 are primarily contributed by NTA molecular orbitals, and the hydrogen bond network (N─H···O) effectively links the individual NTA 3− , enhancing the carrier transport efficiency. Ultimately, (NH 4 ) 3 Bi(NTA) 2 ‐based device demonstrated ultralow limit of detection 24.83 nGy/s and high sensitivity (6116 µC Gy −1 cm −2 ), along with no obvious corrosion for electrodes. This work provides new approach to address the challenges of halide coordination complexes.
Swelling‐Resistant Functionalized 1T′‐MoS <sub>2</sub> Membranes for Crossover‐Free Organic Electrosynthesis
ABSTRACT Organic electrosynthesis offers a sustainable future for chemical manufacturing but is severely hindered by the instability of commercial polymer ion‐exchange membranes in organic electrolytes. The excessive swelling of flexible polymer networks, such as Nafion, often results in massive reactant crossover and diminished product yields. In this study, we report a swelling‐resistant membrane engineered from functionalized 1T′ phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ). By covalently grafting acetamide groups onto the electron‐rich 1T′‐MoS 2 , we create rigid nanochannels that physically exclude organic solvents while enabling efficient proton transport. This precise molecular sieving reduces organic permeability by an order of magnitude versus commercial Nafion 117, enabling near‐quantitative yields (>96%) in diverse organic electrosynthesis reactions. Bridging the gap between lab and industrial application, we demonstrate scalable fabrication of this material via slot‐die coating, with the resulting large‐area membranes delivering robust stability and high productivity in a scaled‐up electrolyzer stack. These findings establish functionalized 2D channels as a general platform for designing next‐generation ion‐conductive membranes capable of operating in aggressive organic media.
Graded Supramolecular Frameworks for Extending Space‐Charge Modulation Regions and Boosting Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite Solar Cells
ABSTRACT Efficient carrier separation and transport in perovskite solar cells are fundamentally constrained by the narrow space‐charge regions intrinsic to conventional device architectures, leaving thick perovskite bulks electrically inactive. Here, we report a supramolecular graded electrostatic potential modulation strategy enabled by a fluorine‐functionalized porous aromatic framework (PAF‐2F) that spatially redistributes space charge throughout the perovskite absorber. The graded incorporation of PAF‐2F continuously modulates the local electronic structure throughout the perovskite bulk, establishing an extended electrostatic potential gradient and transforming carrier transport from diffusion‐dominated motion into field‐assisted drift. This extended internal field accelerates charge separation, suppresses nonradiative recombination, and enhances charge extraction, yielding a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.66%. Moreover, the rigid conjugated framework and strong interfacial interactions of PAF‐2F stabilize the graded doping profile and inhibit ion migration, resulting in excellent operational stability with 93% efficiency retention after 1000 h of continuous illumination without encapsulation. This work presents a general supramolecular strategy for bulk electronic structure engineering in perovskite semiconductors, offering a viable pathway toward simultaneously achieving high efficiency and long‐term stability.
Polyphenol‐Inspired Materials for Agricultural Applications
ABSTRACT Securing global food production while reducing environmental burdens demands materials that combine high nutrient use efficiency with sustainability. Polyphenols, a class of natural plant‐derived molecules, provide redox activity, multidentate interactions, and strong interfacial adhesion, making them versatile building blocks for bio‐derived agricultural systems. This review summarizes recent advances in the molecular design and multifunctional applications of polyphenol‐inspired materials across diverse agriculture sectors, including soil remediation, seed coating, nutrient delivery, crop protection, sensing, nitrification inhibition, and food preservation. It focuses on interfacial assembly, structure–property relationships, and environmental interactions of polyphenol‐enabled materials, which collectively govern their performance from laboratory tests to field conditions. Key challenges in current agricultural practice—including low precision and high labor dependence, environmental degradation and ecological imbalance, instability under extreme environmental conditions, and low economic efficiency and unsustainability—are also discussed. Finally, future directions centered on precision and smart agriculture, ecosystem protection, climate‐resilient plant interfaces, and circular bioeconomy are outlined. This review presents a comprehensive framework that connects molecular innovation to system‐level applications, offering a roadmap for future research and the deployment of polyphenols in agriculture.
Nonporous Metal–Organic Framework Enables Record‑High Uranium Extraction and Complete Diglyme Degradation
ABSTRACT Nuclear energy accommodates rising energy demand of artificial intelligence yet poses environmental risks, making uranium extraction from wastewater important. We herein report a nonporous metal–organic framework CuTTB‐3 as cathode in an H‐type electrolytic cell (two compartments separated by an anion‐exchange membrane) for uranium extraction. Unlike single‐chamber cell limited by diglyme‐induced redissolution of uranium deposits, CuTTB‐3‐based H‐type configuration facilitates 99.8% uranium extraction within 1 h and complete diglyme degradation. This system overcomes concentration limits of 100 g L −1 diglyme and 100 mg L −1 uranyl in conventional setups. It retains >96.4% extraction efficiency over 15 cycles, achieving a cumulative U(VI) extraction amount of 28855 mg g −1 within 10 h and an extraction rate of 2886 mg g −1 h −1 , both record‐high values among reported materials. A flow‐cell setup treated 1 L simulated wastewater, delivering 96.8% extraction efficiency and cumulative capacity of 19360 mg g −1 . Comparisons with porous analogue CuTTB‐4 confirm structural robustness and interfacial charge transfer kinetics dominate electrochemical uranium extraction. Different from traditional adsorption‐based uranium extraction materials that rely heavily on porostiy, this work realizes efficient uranium extraction via an electrochemical deposition route based on a nonporous MOF, which expands the application scenario of nonporous materials in radioactive wastewater treatment.
Energy‐Efficient Spin Hall Nano‐Oscillators Using Near‐Compensated CoGd Ferrimagnets
ABSTRACT Conventional spin Hall nano‐oscillators (SHNOs) based on ferromagnets face practical limitations due to high threshold current densities and large external magnetic field requirements. Ferrimagnets provide an attractive alternative due to their unique magnetic dynamics and potential for energy‐efficient spintronic devices. In this study, we report rare‐earth−transition‐metal (RE−TM) ferrimagnetic SHNOs utilizing Co 1‐x Gd x alloys, in which compositional tuning enables high‐performance operation near the magnetization compensation. The optimized SHNO operates at a low current density (1.43 × 10 7 A/cm 2 ), a small magnetic field (5 mT), and exhibits a narrow linewidth (0.61 MHz) simultaneously, showing an order‐of‐magnitude improvement over its ferromagnetic counterparts. This enhanced performance arises from high spin‐orbit torque efficiency, low magnetic anisotropy, reduced effective magnetization, and minimized nonlinearity near the compensation point. These results establish RE−TM ferrimagnets as a promising material platform for next‐generation spintronic devices and offer new strategies for realizing energy‐efficient, high‐performance spintronic oscillators.
Machine Learning‐Based Screening of Optimal miRNA Targets Enabled by a Cytosolic Delivery Carrier for Augmenting Cancer Therapy
ABSTRACT Nucleic acid therapeutics offer promise for precision cancer treatment, but are limited by inaccurate target selection and inefficient delivery. This work presents a therapeutic platform combining dual machine learning models (LASSO and RSF)‐based miRNA target screening with a modular biomimetic nanocarrier system. Systematic screening and experimental validation identify miR‐873 as a previously uncharacterized tumor‐suppressive miRNA in prostate cancer, and miR‐20a as oncogenic. Mechanistic studies reveal that they regulate HNRNPK and ABL2, modulating pathways involved in proliferation and metastasis. Then, the biomimetic nanocarrier, engineered with prostate cancer cell‐derived endoplasmic reticulum membrane (ERM), is successfully developed for cytosolic co‐delivery of miR‐873 mimic and miR‐20a inhibitor in prostate cancer, achieving significant and synergistic suppression of tumor proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, co‐loading with docetaxel further enhances antitumor effects, underscoring its potential for combination therapies to inhibit cancer progression. These findings highlight both the therapeutic synergy of rationally selected miRNA combinations and the platform's versatility for precision cancer treatment.