Browse Articles

Reconstructing Zn ²⁺ Storage Pathways Enables Ultrastable High‐Rate Zn‐Air Flow Batteries

ABSTRACT Despite their high theoretical energy density (1086 Wh kg −1 ) and environmental compatibility, aqueous Zn‐air flow batteries suffer from critical performance limitations at high current densities, including intensified concentration polarization, uncontrolled Zn dendrite growth, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and corrosion, primarily driven by active water molecules and inadequate Zn 2+ regulation in conventional electrolytes. Here we report a Bayesian optimization‐guided electrolyte design employing alginic acid (AA) as a bifunctional additive to regulate both interfacial and bulk electrolyte chemistry. Under alkaline conditions, AA molecules coordinate with Zn 2+ and further dynamically self‐assemble, constructing reversible alginate‐Zn 2+ colloidal reservoirs instead of irreversible ZnO accumulation. Meanwhile, AA preferentially adsorbs on the Zn surface, modulating local ion flux and nucleation behavior to promote uniform Zn stripping/plating and mitigate dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution. This strategy achieves 2400 h of stable cycling at 20 mA cm −2 , significantly outperforming conventional systems. More broadly, this work demonstrates how data‐driven electrolyte optimization combined with bio‐derived polymer additives can reshape Zn 2+ storage chemistry and mitigate the intrinsic current density‐stability trade‐off in Zn‐air batteries.

ROS‐Scavenging Single‐Component Polymeric Nanocarriers for Precision siRNA Delivery in Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy

ABSTRACT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive refractory lung disorder with limited effective therapies. Although RNA interference (RNAi) holds promise for IPF treatment, current delivery systems are hampered by complex preparation, redundant components, and an inability to modulate oxidative stress, which severely compromises their therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we design a single‐component, lung‐targeted nanosystem, PPN@siIL11, that simplifies formulation while integrating dual functions of efficient siRNA delivery and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Upon intravenous administration, this streamlined platform exhibits enhanced pulmonary accumulation, effectively silences the profibrotic gene IL11, and suppresses fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Concurrently, it scavenges overproduced ROS to alleviate oxidative stress–mediated lung damage. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the potent anti‐fibrotic efficacy of PPN@siIL11. By overcoming critical drawbacks of conventional multi‐component carriers, this multifunctional single‐component platform establishes a translatable approach for RNAi‐based IPF therapy, with potential applicability to other lung diseases.

Nitrogen‐Directed Diamond Nanothreads for Ultrahigh‐Sensitivity Humidity Sensing and Noncontact Human‐Machine Interfaces

ABSTRACT Diamond nanothreads (DNThs) are an emerging class of one‐dimensional carbon materials that combine exceptional mechanical robustness with structural flexibility and tunable surface chemistry. While significant progress has been achieved in the synthesis and structural characterization of DNThs, their functional applications remain relatively unexplored. Here, we employ pyrazine as a nitrogen‐containing precursor to synthesize diamond nanothread materials under high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) conditions (10 GPa and 400°C). Structural characterization suggests the formation of predominantly sp 3 ‐bonded one‐dimensional carbon frameworks containing abundant polar surface functionalities. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the one‐dimensional architecture and hydrophilic surface sites, the fabricated DNThs‐based humidity sensors exhibit outstanding performance over a broad humidity range (11%–96% RH), including ultrahigh sensitivity (1679.11/%RH), rapid response (5.2 s) and recovery (5.4 s), excellent reproducibility, and long‐term stability. Mechanistic investigations indicate that efficient water adsorption and humidity‐induced ionic conduction play critical roles in the sensing process, while the one‐dimensional framework facilitates efficient charge transport. Furthermore, by integrating DNThs sensor arrays with a microcontroller platform, we demonstrate a non‐contact human–machine interface (HMI) capable of gesture recognition and touch‐free phone dialing. This work highlights the potential of diamond nanothread‐based materials for next‐generation intelligent sensing and interactive electronic systems.

Polycrystalline Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Cathodes for All Solid‐State Batteries

ABSTRACT High‐capacity Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide cathode (LRMO) materials are promising candidates for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). While single‐crystal materials have been widely regarded as a promising strategy to enhance cycling stability in ASSBs, the potential of commercialized polycrystalline Li‐rich Mn‐based cathodes (PC‐LRMO) remains largely unexplored. Herein, we propose a simple but effective strategy to pre‐construct a stabilized, organic‐rich cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) both on the surface of PC‐LRMO cathodes and at the grain boundaries (GBs) of the secondary particles. This organic‐rich CEI facilitates low interfacial impedance and fast interfacial ion transfer kinetics. Consequently, this enhanced interfacial ion transport alleviates polarization under high‐temperature operating conditions, thereby improving the discharge specific capacity of a working battery. Furthermore, the organic‐rich CEI effectively mitigates direct contact and facilitates the formation of a self‐adaptive interface between the high‐voltage cathodes and the solid electrolytes. This adaptive interface alleviates stress and strain during charge‐discharge cycling, suppresses detrimental side reactions and voltage decay, and stabilizes the high‐voltage interface. Therefore, an improved rate capability and long‐term cycling stability of the LRMO cathode is achieved. This facile solution‐based preparation strategy provides an economically viable approach for effective utilization of emerging cathodes for ASSBs.

Beyond Nanoporosity: A CO ₂ ‐Conditioned Glassy Matrix Contributes to the Brittle‐to‐Ductile Transition of Nanocellular Polyetherimide

ABSTRACT Nanocellular polyetherimide (PEI) exhibits enhanced toughness and impact resistance compared to the initial solid precursor, an effect usually attributed to the presence of nanometric cells within a confined glassy polymer matrix. In this work, we examine whether the CO 2 saturation step used in gas dissolution foaming can affect the mechanical response by modifying the thermodynamic state of the glassy polymer. Thermal annealing without CO 2 increases the yield stress and reduces ductility, whereas solid PEI saturated with CO 2 and subsequently fully desorbed shows lower yield stress, an increase in tensile ductility, and an improved impact response. Density, gas transport, WAXS, and PALS measurements were used to further analyze this state, showing that the effect of CO 2 leads to a subtle modification of the glassy matrix, changing the packing and gas accessible regions of the matrix. It is proposed that this matrix state, together with the nanocellular architecture, contributes to the brittle‐to‐ductile transition observed in nanocellular PEI. Our work highlights that optimization of the mechanical properties of nanocellular polymers should not only focus on the key characteristics of the final cellular morphology, but also on the conditions that define the state of the polymer matrix surrounding the pores before and during foaming.

Membrane‐Bound Multimodal Plasmonic Transducers for Noninvasive, In Situ Monitoring and Control of CAR T Cells Against Heterogeneous Solid Tumors

ABSTRACT Noninvasive monitoring and control of CAR T cells against heterogeneous solid tumors remain major challenges in understanding and improving treatment response. To address this, membrane‐bound plasmonic transducers, composed of plasmonically coupled gold nanospheres in an anisotropic framework, were developed for multimodal photoacoustic imaging and localized thermal modulation of CAR T cell activity. These transducers exhibit approximately 90% absorption efficiency and photostability under laser fluences exceeding 20 mJ cm −2 , delivering photoacoustic and thermal responses over multiple lasing cycles. Membrane‐bound transducers on CAR T cells thus enable photoacoustic and thermal responsiveness upon laser excitation without compromising key cellular functions. In heterogeneous HER2‐expressing breast tumor models, longitudinal photoacoustic imaging enabled prospective stratification of tumors based on early T cell trafficking, predicting responders versus nonresponders with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, transducer‐mediated thermal modulation of intratumoral CAR T cells engineered with thermogenetic circuits to secrete T cell engagers redirected cytotoxicity toward antigen‐negative tumors, overcoming antigen escape and consequently enhancing therapy. Taken together, we demonstrate a strategy to noninvasively monitor and control CAR T cells against heterogeneous solid tumors via membrane‐bound multimodal transducers.

Synergistic Regulation of Crystallization Kinetics and Thermodynamics by Liquid Crystal Engineering Enables Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Organic solar cells (OSCs) hold great promise for next‐generation photovoltaics, yet achieving both high efficiency and long‐term stability remains a formidable challenge. This difficulty originates from the multiple influences of crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics in bulk heterojunction films. Herein, we introduce a nematic liquid crystal, 3UTPP4, to synergistically regulate both the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of film formation in the PM6:BTP‐eC9 system. 3UTPP4 prolongs the film formation process, enabling more controlled molecular assembly and effectively circumventing the metastable state (cold crystallization) of BTP‐eC9. The resulting films exhibit enhanced molecular ordering with reduced π–π stacking distance, suppressed recombination, and improved charge carrier mobility. Consequently, the optimized devices deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.07% with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 80.51%. Moreover, outstanding device stability was successfully realized, retaining 95% of the initial PCE after 1,600 h of storage in nitrogen and achieving a photothermal stability T80 exceeding 1,000 h. The generality of this strategy is further validated across other high‐performance systems, with D18:L8‐BO achieving an excellent PCE of 20.73% and an FF of 82.14%. This work establishes liquid crystal‐assisted synergistic regulation of kinetic and thermodynamic processes as a promising pathway toward efficient and stable OSCs.

Correction to “Enhancing Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Nano‐Epidrug Effects on Immune Modulation and Antigenicity Restoration”

Metastable Polymers for Circular 3D Printing

ABSTRACT Reducing waste and enabling material reuse are central goals for sustainable advanced manufacturing. In light‐based 3D printing, this requires moving beyond permanent networks toward systems that can be easily returned to their original molecular building blocks, while preserving good performance. Here, a shift toward metastable, 3D printable polymers is introduced, which are intrinsically programmed for controlled depolymerization under mild conditions, enabling circular recovery. This concept is realized using self‐immolative polymers (SIPs), which undergo triggered, domino‐like depolymerization upon activation of a specific labile unit. These polymers are formulated for high‐resolution digital light processing 3D printing, yielding mechanically robust structures. Upon exposure to a defined trigger, the printed networks rapidly (in seconds) and completely disassemble under ambient conditions, regenerating their pristine monomers. These are recovered in near‐quantitative yield and subsequently reprocessed into chemically identical printable polymers. This metastability‐driven approach establishes a transformative pathway for circular 3D printing.

Ambient‐Processed Organic Solar Cells Achieving Nearly 20.5% Efficiency and Industrially Viable Environmental Stability

ABSTRACT The ability to process organic solar cells (OSCs) in ambient air is a critical prerequisite for industrial‐scale production, as it obviates the need for a high‐cost inert atmosphere. However, state‐of‐the‐art cathode interlayers (CILs) typically require strongly hydrophilic groups to ensure adequate solubility and feasible work function, which inevitably render them susceptible to moisture and oxygen in air, thereby compromising the photovoltaic performance. In this study, we introduce diethoxysilane (DEES) and its derivatives into the high‐performance CIL PNDIT‐F3N, where they hydrolyze and condense under ambient conditions to form a cross‐linked, hydrophobic Si─O─Si moisture‐protective network. Moreover, DEES incorporation effectively reduces the activation energy for electron transport of PNDIT‐F3N and suppresses detrimental aggregation, thus optimizing charge transport and extraction efficiency. As a result, the DEES‐modified OSCs achieve record efficiencies of 20.48% under 50% relative humidity (RH) and 20.22% under 80% RH, each representing one of the highest values reported for air‐processed devices. More importantly, the unencapsulated DEES‐modified devices exhibit exceptional operational stability, averaging 2270 h to 80% of initial efficiency under continuous visible‐LED illumination (photocurrent equivalent to AM1.5G, 45%–55% RH). This work provides a facile and generalizable strategy to enhance moisture tolerance of OSCs, advancing the industrial production and commercial viability of air‐processed organic photovoltaics.

Atomic‐Scale Detection of Néel Vector Switching in the Single‐Layer A‐Type Antiferromagnet Cr ₂ S ₃ ‐2D

ABSTRACT The detection of Néel vector switching in a single‐layer A‐type antiferromagnet marks an important step toward functional two‐dimensional spintronics. Here, ‐2D, grown on graphene on Ir(110), is established as a first single‐layer A‐type antiferromagnet. Spin‐polarized scanning tunneling microscopy reveals hysteresis loops with a large switching field and a pronounced dependence on island size. X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Cr edges exhibits a tiny signal with a linear magnetic field dependence, consistent with an antiferromagnetic ground state with an estimated net moment below per Cr and a Néel temperature of about 160 K. Quantitative analysis of the island‐size dependence of the switching field, together with first‐principles calculations, indicates a slight imbalance between the magnetic moments of the two Cr planes of ‐2D when supported on a substrate. This imbalance results in a net magnetization for the A‐type antiferromagnet, which enables the 180 rotation of the Néel vector. Moreover, ‐2D retains its magnetic properties after several days of exposure to air.

Sub‐Nanometer Cobalt on Tungsten Titanium Carbide MXene (W ₂ TiC ₂ T _x ): An Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Stable Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution at Industrial‐Scale Current Density

ABSTRACT Developing non‐precious electrocatalysts that simultaneously deliver high activity, long‐term durability, and industrial operability remains the critical challenge for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a structurally well‐defined two‐dimensional metal carbide MXene, tungsten titanium carbide (W 2 TiC 2 T x ), is synthesized for the first time via the W 2 TiAlC 2 MAX‐phase precursor. Cobalt loading combined with rational modulation of local atomic configurations and metal–support interactions (MSI) enables the construction of a highly active and robust Co/W 2 TiC 2 HER catalyst. The optimized Co/W 2 TiC 2 ‐700 exhibits small overpotentials of 63 and 191 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm − 2 , and outstanding long‐term durability of over 1000 h stable hydrogen production at 4000 mA cm − 2 . In a flow‐cell MEA electrolyzer, Co/W 2 TiC 2 delivers near‐unity hydrogen Faradaic efficiency across a wide current range (50–400 mA cm − 2 ) while requiring significantly lower cell voltages than commercial Pt/C. Quasi‐in‐situ XPS, XANES, and EXAFS analyses reveal that thermal modulation induces the transformation of Co from isolated atoms and large nanoparticles into uniform sub‐nanometer particles anchored on the outer tungsten layers. DFT calculations identify Co–W interfacial sites as the primary active centers. This work highlights the critical role of rational design and utilization of MSI in MXene‐supported catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.

Engineering Multiscale Biohybrid Interfaces for Signal Sensing and Functional Regulation of Electronic Plants

ABSTRACT Electronic plants (e‐Plants), typically constructed by integrating artificial electronic materials with natural living plants, have demonstrated as a powerful platform for bioelectronic applications, but the realization of high‐performance e‐Plant systems still remains challenging. In this Review, we concisely summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of the multiscale biohybrid interface construction strategies, namely surface‐attachable, implantable, and in situ formable methods, and discuss how these approaches can be applied to engineer e‐Plants. In addition, the applications of e‐Plants for sensing of signaling molecule‐based signal transduction and metabolism as well as monitoring of plant physiological states and microecological conditions are introduced, highlighting their intriguing potential in precision agriculture. Moreover, biohybrid e‐Plants that are capable of light‐to‐chemical energy conversion and photocatalysis are further outlined, conceivably opening up a new avenue for photosynthesis enhancement and disease treatment. On the other hand, the challenges and perspectives on advancing fast response time, multimodal responsiveness, artificial intelligence assistance, and biosafety are also discussed, clearly mapping the future development directions in such field.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Cation as a Semiconducting Spacer in Layered Perovskite

ABSTRACT Incorporating π‐conjugated organic spacers in layered “2D” perovskites in order to extend solar light harvesting has remained a challenge, as typically‐incorporated spacers (e.g. phenethylammonium, PEA + ) do not absorb deep into the visible spectrum. Here, we introduce a visible‐light‐absorbing π‐conjugated dithiophene–diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based spacer cation that forms a pure iodide layered perovskite that exhibits complementary organic–inorganic absorption and a type‐II nano‐heterojunction electronic structure. By chain length engineering, a dihexyl‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole cation (DPP‐dH 2+ ) is identified as the optimal length required to form an ordered layered structure (DPP‐dH)PbI 4 . Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals bidirectional charge transfer, with hole transfer from the inorganic [PbI 4 ] 2− slabs to the organic spacer, and electron transfer in the reverse direction upon excitation at longer wavelengths. Time‐resolved microwave conductivity and space‐charge‐limited current measurements demonstrate reduced trap density and electron mobilities up to 1.3 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Leveraging its extended visible absorption, the resulting layered perovskite exhibits a marked improvement in photovoltaic power conversion efficiency compared to (PEA) 2 PbI 4 as well as an extended incident photon harvesting reaching 650 nm (1.9 eV), establishing diketopyrrolopyrrole spacers as a promising platform for next‐generation optoelectronics.

Hollow Nanoreactors Modulate Mass Transfer and Dual‐Species Spillover to Boost Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Reduction in Real Wastewater

ABSTRACT Copper‐based materials are promising catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NH 3 ), while their use in real wastewater with low nitrate concentrations is hindered by poor mass transfer and high energy barrier. To overcome these limitations, we design a hollow Cu/MoS 2 ‐550 nanoreactor, consisting of hollow MoS 2 support loaded with Cu single atoms and clusters. At the mesoscale, the hollow MoS 2 support features a heat‐exchanger‐fin‐like structure that accelerates mass transfer, thereby promoting local enrichment of NO 3 − . At the microscale, precise modulation of sulfur vacancy concentration in MoS 2 triggers dual‐species spillover, namely reverse hydrogen spillover and *NO spillover from Cu single atoms to Cu clusters, which lowers the energy barrier of deep hydrogenation step. As a result, the Cu/MoS 2 ‐550 nanoreactor achieves an NH 3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.14% and a yield rate of 27.46 mg h −1 mg cat −1 . Furthermore, when assembled into an Al‐NO 3 − battery operating in real wastewater containing only ∼ 0.76 mM NO 3 − , the battery runs stably for 120 h, delivers an NH 3 FE of 53.20%, and maintains a nitrate removal rate of 91.17%. This work provides cross‐scale modulation strategies to overcome mass‐transfer bottlenecks and energy barriers in multi‐electron transfer reactions, offering a potential pathway for environmental applications.

Directed Regulation of Intermolecular Excitonic Couplings to Minimize Non‐Radiative Recombination of Excited States in NIR‐Absorbing Non‐Fullerene Acceptors

ABSTRACT Suppression of excited‐state non‐radiative recombination is pivotal for overcoming efficiency bottleneck in organic optoelectronics. However, in film, mechanism of aggregates’ excited‐state non‐radiative recombination and how to suppress its rate ( k nr ) remain unclear. Here, taking classical Y6‐type acceptors as an example, we investigate how change in their molecular packing modes impacts aggregates’ excited‐state properties and k nr . We find that k nr decreases with an increased population of the compact EECC (end‐end and core‐core) packing mode. Our results reveal that the EECC mode enhances the electronic coupling between intermolecular charge‐transfer (iCT) and locally excited (LE) exciton states, facilitating aggregates’ excited‐state wavefunction delocalization and lowering the aggregates’ exciton‐phonon coupling, which compensates for the energy‐gap‐law effect. This intermolecular excitonic‐coupling regulation strategy is further supported in the L8BO series through an increased population of the EE packing mode and enhanced LE–LE excitonic coupling. The corresponding D18:L8BO:HDL8 ternary OPV devices achieved a high efficiency of 20.63% (certified as 20.40%) with reduced non‐radiative voltage loss (Δ V nr ). Our work has not only uncovered the underlying mechanism of how molecular packing mode impacts aggregates’ electronic structures and k nr , but also provided a molecule‐design strategy for improving NIR luminescent efficiencies/exciton lifetimes of films and OPV device efficiencies with reduced Δ V nr .

Heterojunction‐Guided Reconstruction Toward Ru‐Co Bridged Dual Sites for Efficient Oxide‐Path Water Electrolysis

ABSTRACT The oxide path mechanism (OPM) offers a compelling route to bypass the activity–stability trade‐off of conventional oxygen evolution catalysis. However, its deliberate activation has largely relied on doping strategies to create heterometallic dual sites, which suffer from limited electronic tunability. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally different approach that combines heterojunction engineering with guided in situ reconstruction. By integrating ruthenium oxide with a cobalt–nickel telluride heterostructure, we exploit the pronounced surface reconstruction of tellurides under anodic potentials to in situ generate a metastable CoO 2 phase featuring high‐valent cobalt. This reconstructed phase intimately couples with neighboring RuO 2 to form well‐defined Co–O–Ru bridged dual sites, which are proposed as the pivotal centers for OPM‐enabled O─O coupling. The telluride framework further acts as an electronic modulator, stabilizing ruthenium while promoting high‐valent cobalt formation. This synergy yields a catalyst with an overpotential of 213 mV at 100 mA cm −2 and a mass activity 103 times that of commercial RuO 2 . When deployed in an anion‐exchange membrane electrolyzer, it operates at 1 A cm −2 with a cell voltage of 1.78 V for over 800 h. Our work establishes heterojunction‐induced reconstruction as a powerful strategy to unlock OPM catalysis, moving beyond conventional doping toward dynamically assembled active interfaces.

Mitochondria‐Targeted Pyroptosis Orchestrated by Photodynamic Microneedle Patches Potentiates Melanoma Immunoradiotherapy

ABSTRACT The lethality of melanoma stems from its high metastatic propensity, intrinsic apoptosis resistance, and a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment, which collectively undermine conventional radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Here, we develop a spatiotemporally precise therapeutic strategy using mitochondria‐targeted photodynamic microneedles ( mito TPS‐MNs) to orchestrate GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis and potentiate systemic immunoradiotherapy. Upon transdermal photoactivation, mito TPS induces intense, mitochondria‐confined reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, triggering a caspase‐3/GSDME‐dependent pyroptotic cascade while simultaneously disrupting mitochondrial respiration to alleviate tumor hypoxia. This dual‐action mechanism sensitizes melanoma to x‐ray irradiation, achieving near‐complete regression of primary tumors and remodeling “cold” tumor microenvironments into immunologically “hot” niches. The explosive release of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from pyroptotic cells functions as an in situ cancer vaccine, promoting dendritic cell maturation, the systemic recruitment of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and potent abscopal responses against untreated distant metastases. Our work establishes mitochondria‐directed pyroptosis as a mechanistic switch to bypass the inherent apoptotic resistance of melanoma, providing a clinically translatable strategy to convert localized interventions into systemic immunity against advanced melanoma.

Diffusion‐Driven Macromolecular Self‐Organization Enables Conformal Perovskite/Silicon Tandems

ABSTRACT Industrial deployment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is limited by the difficulty of forming thick, defect‐controlled wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite layers that conformally coat micron‐textured silicon while retaining interfacial passivation. Here, we introduce a diffusion‐driven macromolecular passivation strategy (DMPS) employing a π‐extended zinc phthalocyanine derivative (ZnPc‐C 12 ) that simultaneously regulates perovskite crystallization and mitigates interfacial defects. Interfacial‐energy gradients created during solvent evaporation impose a thermodynamic driving force that expels ZnPc‐C 12 from the bulk toward both interfaces, establishing dual‐interface passivation and uniform 1.5 µm WBG perovskite films on industrial Czochralski silicon heterojunctions. The resulting single‐junction devices achieve 24.26% power‐conversion efficiency, while monolithic tandems deliver 34.26% (certified 33.83%) efficiency and > 90% retention after 800 h of continuous operation. DMPS provides a general and scalable pathway for integrating defect‐controlled perovskite absorbers into textured silicon architectures, advancing the manufacturability of next‐generation film‐on‐wafer tandem photovoltaics.

Corticolimbic structure-function coupling is sensitive to childhood adversity and buffers adversity-related symptoms during development

Childhood adversity is a potent predictor of mental health problems across the lifespan, and cross-species literature implicates stress-sensitive corticolimbic circuits in adversity-related psychopathology. Structure-function coupling (SFC) is a multimodal marker that is sensitive to developmental plasticity. While emerging evidence suggests cortical SFC is sensitive to adversity exposure during early childhood, it is unknown how SFC in stress-sensitive corticolimbic circuits links adversity exposure with mental health across development. We examined associations between adversity exposure, transdiagnostic symptomatology, and both amygdala-cortical and hippocampal-cortical SFC across development in a large youth sample (N = 607, 39% F). Results revealed that adversity exposure moderated the association between age and amygdala-vmPFC SFC (partial R 2 = 0.015, p = .007), such that age was positively associated with amygdala-vmPFC SFC in youth with higher, but not lower, levels of adversity exposure. Further, amygdala-vmPFC SFC moderated the association between adversity exposure and internalizing symptoms (partial R 2 = 0.015, p = .012), such that the adversity-symptoms association was reduced in youth with stronger, but not weaker, amygdala-vmPFC SFC. Separately, higher adversity exposure was associated with weaker hippocampal-limbic SFC (partial R 2 = 0.019, p = .037), which moderated the association between adversity and internalizing symptoms (partial R 2 = 0.005, p = .010) such that the adversity-symptoms association was reduced in youth with weaker, but not stronger, hippocampal-limbic SFC. These findings highlight that neurodevelopment of amygdala-vmPFC and hippocampal-limbic circuits may adapt in distinct ways to support mental health following adversity, with implications for risk and resilience against internalizing psychopathology. Significance Statement Delineating how childhood adversity alters neurodevelopment is critical to understanding the origins of adversity-related risk for mental health disorders. Here, we leverage a multimodal marker of the correspondence between brain structure and function to test how corticolimbic circuits are associated with adversity exposure during development. Results reveal that the structure-function coupling of amygdala-vmPFC and hippocampal-limbic circuits is linked with adversity exposure and differentially moderates the association between adversity exposure and internalizing psychopathology. These findings suggest key roles for neural stress regulation and memory circuits in adapting to support optimal functioning following adversity exposure, and highlight the concordance of neural structure and function as an important indicator of individual-level risk and resilience.