Browse Articles

Emerging Materials and Computing Paradigms for Temporal Signal Analysis

Abstract In the era of relentless data generation and dynamic information streams, the demand for efficient and robust temporal signal analysis has intensified across diverse domains such as healthcare, finance, and telecommunications. This perspective study explores the unfolding landscape of emerging materials and computing paradigms that are reshaping the way temporal signals are analyzed and interpreted. Traditional signal processing techniques often fall short when confronted with the intricacies of time‐varying data, prompting the exploration of innovative approaches. The rise of emerging materials and devices empowers real‐time analysis by processing temporal signals in situ, mitigating latency concerns. Through this perspective, the untapped potential of emerging materials and computing paradigms for temporal signal analysis is highlighted, offering valuable insights into both challenges and opportunities. Standing on the cusp of a new era in computing, understanding and harnessing these paradigms is pivotal for unraveling the complexities embedded within the temporal dimensions of data, propelling signal analysis into realms previously deemed inaccessible.

Minute‐Level Room‐Temperature Switching and Long Cycle Stability of Thermochromic Inorganic Perovskite Smart Windows

Abstract Perovskite smart windows (PSWs) are widely investigated owing to excellent thermochromic properties, while restricted by poor transition performance and cycle stability. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide vapor is utilized as an induction reagent for rapid reversible switching at room temperature between the colored and bleached phases. To obtain PSWs with different optical properties and transition performance, red CsPbIBr 2 , yellow Rb 0.5 Cs 0.5 PbIBr 2 and brown CsSn 0.1 Pb 0.9 IBr 2 are prepared through alloying. The perovskites can exhibit reversible switching at 27.4–34.3 °C within 1.9–5.1 min. Even after 100 cycles, they exhibit remarkable stability of luminous transmittance (retention ≥97.4%) and transition time (retention ≥97.6%). Experimental characterization proves that the reversible switching occurs between colored three‐dimension perovskite phase and bleached zero‐dimension perovskite phase. In the field test (air temperature = 21.6–26.5 °C), model houses with PSWs exhibit a maximum indoor temperature drop of 4.2 °C. Furthermore, they exhibit considerable temperature modulation ability up to 7.9 °C under a solar simulator (temperature of the control model house = 60 °C). The decrease in the luminous transmittance of the PSWs after 20 days is 2.9%, indicating excellent long‐term stability. This study offers PSWs with prominent transition performance and long cycle stability.

Breast Cancer Screening Interval: Effects of Proportions and Biases on Benefits

Phonon thermal transport in two-dimensional gallium nitride: Role of higher-order phonon–phonon and phonon–electron scattering

Two-dimensional gallium nitride (2D-GaN) has great potential in power electronics and optoelectronics. Heat dissipation is a critical issue for these applications of 2D-GaN. Previous studies have shown that higher-order phonon–phonon scattering has extremely strong effects on the lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) of 2D-GaN, with the fourth-order interatomic force constants (4th-IFCs) calculated using experienced atomic displacement in the finite difference method. In this work, it is found that the 4th-IFCs of 2D-GaN are quite sensitive to atomic displacement in the finite difference method. The effects of the four-phonon scattering can be severely overestimated with non-convergent 4th-IFCs. The κlat from three-phonon scattering is reduced by 65.6% due to four-phonon scattering. The reflection symmetry allows significantly more four-phonon processes than three-phonon processes. It was previously thought the electron–phonon interactions have significant effects on the κlat of two-dimensional materials. However, the effects of electron–phonon interactions on the κlat of both n-type and p-type 2D-GaN at high charge carrier concentrations can be neglected due to the few phonon–electron scattering channels and the relatively strong four-phonon scattering.

Mediating effect of dietary self-efficacy in the relationship between health literacy and nutrition label use among coronary heart disease patients

Deep‐Blue OLEDs with BT. 2020 Blue Gamut, External Quantum Efficiency Approaching 40%

AbstractThe hyperfluorescence (HF) technology holds great promise for the development of high‐quality organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) for their excellent color purity, high efficiency, and low‐efficiency roll‐off. Sensitizer plays a crucial role in the performance of HF devices. However, designing sensitizers with simultaneous high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), rapid radiative decay (kr), and fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) poses a great challenge, particularly for the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizers targeting deep‐blue HF device. Herein, by introducing a boron‐containing multi‐resonance‐type acceptor into the multi‐tert‐butyl‐carbazole encapsulated benzene molecular skeleton, two TADF emitters featuring hybridized multi‐channel charge‐transfer pathways, including short‐range multi‐resonance, weakened through‐bond, and compact face‐to‐face through‐space charge‐transfer. Benefiting from the rational molecular design, the proof‐of‐concept sensitizers exhibit simultaneous rapid kr of 5.3 × 107 s−1, fast kRISC up to 5.9 × 105 s−1, a PQLY of near‐unity, as well as ideal deep‐blue emission in both solution and film. Consequently, the corresponding deep‐blue HF devices not only achieve chromaticity coordinates that fully comply with the latest BT. 2020 standards, but also showcase record‐high maximum external quantum efficiencies nearing 40%, along with suppressed efficiency roll‐off.

Destabilization of Single‐Atom Catalysts: Characterization, Mechanisms, and Regeneration Strategies

Abstract Numerous in situ characterization studies have focused on revealing the catalytic mechanisms of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), providing a theoretical basis for their rational design. Although research is relatively limited, the stability of SACs under long‐term operating conditions is equally important and a prerequisite for their real‐world energy applications, such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Recently, there has been a rise in in situ characterization studies on the destabilization and regeneration of SACs; however, timely and comprehensive summaries that provide the catalysis community with valuable insights and research directions are still lacking. This review summarizes recent advances in the destabilization mechanisms and regeneration strategies of SACs, specifically highlighting various state‐of‐the‐art characterization techniques employed in the studies. The factors that induce destabilization in SACs are identified by discussing the failure of active sites, coordination environments, supports, and reaction conditions under long‐term operating scenarios. Next, the primary regeneration strategies for SACs are introduced, including redispersion, surface poison desorption, and exposure of subsurface active sites. Additionally, the advantages and limitations of both in situ and ex situ characterization techniques are discussed. Finally, future research directions are proposed, aimed at constructing structure–stability relationships and guiding the design of more stable SACs.

Zanubrutinib Versus Bendamustine and Rituximab in Patients With Treatment-Naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma: Median 5-Year Follow-Up of SEQUOIA

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. SEQUOIA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03336333 ) is a phase III, randomized, open-label trial that compared the oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib to bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) in treatment-naïve patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). The initial prespecified analysis (median follow-up, 26.2 months) and subsequent analysis (43.7 months) found superior progression-free survival (PFS; the primary end point) in patients who received zanubrutinib compared with BR. At a median follow-up of 61.2 months, median PFS was not reached in zanubrutinib-treated patients; median PFS was 44.1 months in BR-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; one-sided P = .0001). Prolonged PFS was seen with zanubrutinib versus BR in patients with mutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) genes (HR, 0.40; one-sided P = .0003) and unmutated IGHV genes (HR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.33]; one-sided P < .0001). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in either treatment arm; estimated 60-month OS rates were 85.8% and 85.0% in zanubrutinib- and BR-treated patients, respectively. No new safety signals were detected. Adverse events were as expected with zanubrutinib; rate of atrial fibrillation was 7.1%. At a median follow-up of 61.2 months, the results supported the initial SEQUOIA findings and suggested that zanubrutinib was a favorable treatment option for untreated patients with CLL/SLL.

Reversible solar heating and radiative cooling coupled with latent heat for self-adaptive thermoregulation

Passive solar heating and radiative cooling attracted lots of attention in global energy consumption reduction due to their unique electricity-free advantage. However, static single radiation cooling or solar heating would lead to over-cooling or over-heating in cold or hot weather, respectively. How to achieve effective self-adaptive thermoregulation is critical for dynamic thermal management. Hence, in this work, a self-adaptive thermoregulation strategy was designed by coupling latent heat storage or release with reversible solar heating and radiative cooling. A commercial memory alloy could realize self-adaptive thermoregulation at the critical temperature between radiative cooling with high solar reflectance R¯solar = 0.95 and thermal emittance ε¯LWIR = 0.93, and solar heating with high solar absorptance α¯solar = 0.92 and low thermal emittance ε¯IR = 0.08. High thermal conductive phase change material could further improve the thermoregulation performance with a latent heat of ∼136 J g−1, and thermal conductivity of 3.4 W m−1 K−1, resulting in a superior heating performance than the single solar heating (39.9 vs 36.9 °C) and superior cooling performance than the single radiative cooling (33.8 vs 35.5 °C). The maximum heating temperature increase could be 12.7 °C in the cold situation, and the temperature drop could be 8.3 °C in the hot situation. Energy consumption calculation showed that the designed sample could save 68%–90% of annual energy consumption compared with the common roof, indicating that coupling spectral regulation with the latent heat can greatly improve the self-adaptive thermoregulation performance and save the total energy consumption in thermal management.

Integrating evolutionary algorithms and enhanced-YOLOv8 + for comprehensive apple ripeness prediction

You Don't Bring Me Flowers

Dr Cappell discusses the difficulty in protecting oncology patients without taking away things that bring them joy.

Enhanced thermoelectric performance by Hf substitution in p-type half-Heusler TiNi0.8Co0.2Sn

The half-Heusler TiNiSn alloy is a promising candidate for thermoelectric power generation, capable of directly converting waste heat into electric power, due to its high thermoelectric performance over a wide temperature range from 500 to 1000 K. However, the thermoelectric performance of p-type TiNiSn is much lower than that of its n-type counterpart. Here, we demonstrate that Hf substitution in the p-type half-Heusler TiNi0.8Co0.2Sn alloy significantly enhances thermoelectric performance within the miscibility gap region of the binary TiNiSn-HfNiSn phase diagram. The Seebeck coefficient, which is below 80 μV/K for TiNi0.8Co0.2Sn, is substantially improved to 170 μV/K in Ti0.5Hf0.5Ni0.8Co0.2Sn at 650 K, owing to modifications in the electronic band structure induced by Hf substitution. Moreover, the lattice distortion and point defects introduced by Hf substitution effectively reduce thermal conductivity, from 5.0 W/mK for TiNi0.8Co0.2Sn to 3.3 W/mK for Ti0.5Hf0.5Ni0.8Co0.2Sn at 900 K. Consequently, the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) significantly increases from 0.03 for TiNi0.8Co0.2Sn to 0.26 for Ti0.5Hf0.5Ni0.8Co0.2Sn at 800 K. This enhancement of thermoelectric performance in p-type TiNiSn enables the construction of thermoelectric modules composed solely of half-Heusler TiNiSn based alloys, which are expected to exhibit high thermal stability useful for long-term thermoelectric power generation.

The impact of LLM chatbots on learning outcomes in advanced driver assistance systems education

Robust Nanoscale Anode Protective Layers toward Fast‐Charge High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries

AbstractMechanically stable and structurally homogeneous lithium–electrolyte interfacial layers are crucial in stabilizing lithium (Li) anodes for practical Li metal batteries. Herein, an ultrathin (≈84 nm) and robust artificial protective layer is constructed with reactive two‐dimensional (2D) molecular brushes as building blocks. The artificial protective layer can in situ react with underlying Li metal to produce a nanoscale poly(lithium styrenesulfonate)‐grafted graphene oxide (GO‐g‐PSSLi) layer on the outermost surface and an infinite Li–Ag solid solution in the anode. The nanoscale GO‐g‐PSSLi layer well integrates a large number of single Li‐ion conducting PSSLi chains and 2D robust GO backbones, thereby enabling molecular‐level homogeneous and fast Li‐ion diffusion as well as remarkable mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the simultaneously formed Li–Ag solid solution is beneficial for rapid Li transport in the anode to reduce the Li nucleation barrier and facilitate homogeneous deposition of Li. With such artificial protective layers, a prototype pouch cell with a thin Li metal anode (50 µm) and a high‐loading cathode (21.6 mg cm−2) delivers an impressive cycle life of over 350 cycles with 69% capacity retention under harsh conditions. Remarkably, ultrahigh charging power density of 456 W kg−1 and energy density of 325 Wh kg−1 can be simultaneously achieved in an Ah‐level pouch cell.

Synergistic Adhesion and Shape Deformation in Nanowire‐Structured Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Abstract Nature provides many examples of the benefits of nanoscopic surface structures in areas of adhesion and antifouling. Herein, the design, fabrication, and characterization of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) films are presented with nanowire surface structures that exhibit tunable stimuli‐responsive deformations and enhanced adhesion properties. The LCE films are shown to curl toward the side with the nanowires when stimulated by heat or organic solvent vapors. In contrast, when a droplet of the same solvent is placed on the film, it curls away from the nanowire side due to nanowire‐induced capillary forces that cause unequal swelling. This characteristic curling deformation is shown to be reversible and can be optimized to match curved substrates, maximizing adhesive shear forces. By using chemical modification, the LCE nanowire films can be given underwater superoleophobicity, enabling oil repellency under a range of harsh conditions. This is combined with the nanowire‐induced frictional asymmetry and the reversible shape deformation to create an underwater droplet mixing robot, capable of performing chemical reactions in aqueous environments. These findings demonstrate the potential of nanowire‐augmented LCE films for advanced applications in soft robotics, adaptive adhesion, and easy chemical modification, with implications for designing responsive materials that integrate mechanical flexibility with surface functionality.

Erratum: Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Induction or Consolidation Chemotherapy?

Spin–current volume effect on iron gallium films

The application of spin–current volume effect (SVE) with volume magnetostriction of iron gallium (FeGa) films is examined for micro-diaphragm actuation. A silicon diaphragm measuring 1.5 × 1.5 mm2 is coated with Pt (100-nm-thick) and FeGa (100-nm-thick) thin films. An alternating charge current passed through the FeGa/Pt/Si diaphragm under a magnetic field perpendicular to the charge current generates an alternating spin current via the spin Hall effect in the Pt film, transferring angular momentum from the Pt film to the FeGa film. The injected spin current provides energy and changes the effective temperature, thereby varying the thermal fluctuation of the magnetic moments. In a magnetic material with volume magnetostriction, the thermal fluctuation of the magnetic moments affects its volume. When the spin fluctuations change, the volume magnetostriction induces a corresponding expansion or contraction of the material. Both electrodeposited and ion-beam sputter-deposited FeGa films are investigated, and it is observed that the FeGa film exhibits SVE. The force generated by the SVE is evaluated based on the vibration amplitude at the fundamental resonant mode. This study demonstrates that the force generated by the SVE is correlated with the volume magnetostriction and the deposition process.

MurG as a potential target of quercetin in Staphylococcus aureus supported by evidence from subtractive proteomics and molecular dynamics

Control Over Metal‐Halide Reactivity Enables Uniform Growth of InSb Colloidal Quantum Dots for Enhanced SWIR Light Detection

AbstractInSb colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) hold promise in short‐wave infrared sensing; however, their synthesis presents ongoing challenges, particularly in achieving precise size control – this is the result of poorly controlled reactivity among the precursors. Herein, the use of alkyl‐phosphine and amine‐based organic additives to control the reactivity of In and Sb precursors during the nucleation and growth of CQDs is developed. This interplay between organic additive and precursors enables the synthesis of InSb CQDs having narrowed size distributions; and bandgaps tunable across the 1.2–1.5 µm spectral range; all this leading to peak‐to‐valley ratios >1.4 in absorption spectra. The CQDs are surface‐terminated with a mixture of oleylamine, halides, and oxide‐like species, and this hinders ligand exchange reactions and subsequent integration into photodiodes. We therefore resurface the CQDs with alkanethiols, displacing the native ligands via an acid‐base mechanism, an approach that removes oxide species. Using a layer‐by‐layer fabrication process, the ligands of the resurfaced InSb CQDs are exchanged with short organic and halide ligands and incorporated films into n‐i‐p photodiode structures. The resultant devices exhibit a detectivity of 10¹2 Jones, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 33% at 1380 nm, and T90 operating stability of >19 h under continuous illuminated operation.

Navigating Gatekeeping Challenges in Pediatric and Young Adult Palliative Oncology and End-of-Life Research

Participation in research offers families a sense of control and meaning in pediatric cancer care. Gatekeeping limits progress—collaboration is key. #PediatricOncology #PalliativeCare #Research #PallOnc #pedonc #hpm #hapc